A comparison of DSM-5 and DSM-IV agoraphobia in the World Mental Health Surveys: Depression and Anxiety

A.M. Roest; Y.A. de Vries; C.C.W. Lim; H.-U. Wittchen; D.J. Stein; T. Adamowski; A. Al-Hamzawi; E.J. Bromet; M.C. Viana; G. de Girolamo; K. Demyttenaere; S. Florescu; O. Gureje; J.M. Haro; C. Hu; E.G. Karam; J.M. Caldas-de-Almeida; N. Kawakami; J.P. Lépine; D. Levinson; M.E. Medina-Mora; F. Navarro-Mateu; S. O’Neill; M. Piazza; J.A. Posada-Villa; T. Slade; Y. Torres; R.C. Kessler; K.M. Scott; P. de Jonge; On behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators

doi:10.1002/da.22885

A comparison of DSM-5 and DSM-IV agoraphobia in the World Mental Health Surveys: Depression and Anxiety

A.M. Roest, Y.A. de Vries, C.C.W. Lim, H.-U. Wittchen, D.J. Stein, T. Adamowski, A. Al-Hamzawi, E.J. Bromet, M.C. Viana, G. de Girolamo, K. Demyttenaere, S. Florescu, O. Gureje, J.M. Haro, C. Hu, E.G. Karam, J.M. Caldas-de-Almeida, N. Kawakami, J.P. Lépine, D. LevinsonM.E. Medina-Mora, F. Navarro-Mateu, S. O’Neill, M. Piazza, J.A. Posada-Villa, T. Slade, Y. Torres, R.C. Kessler, K.M. Scott, P. de Jonge, On behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators

Centro San Giovanni di Dio - Fatebenefratelli

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Background: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, version 5 (DSM-5) definition of agoraphobia (AG) as an independent diagnostic entity makes it timely to re-examine the epidemiology of AG. Study objective was to present representative data on the characteristics of individuals who meet DSM-IV criteria for AG (AG without a history of panic disorder [PD] and PD with AG) but not DSM-5 criteria, DSM-5 but not DSM-IV criteria, or both sets of criteria. Methods: Population-based surveys from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative including adult respondents (n = 136,357) from 27 countries across the world. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess AG and other disorders. Results: Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-5 AG (1.5% and 1.0%) were comparable to DSM-IV (1.4% and 0.9%). Of respondents meeting criteria in either system, 57.1% met criteria in both, while 24.2% met criteria for DSM-5 only and 18.8% for DSM-IV only. Severe role impairment due to AG was reported by a lower proportion of respondents who met criteria only for DSM-IV AG (30.4%) than those with both DSM-5 and DSM-IV AG (44.0%; χ 21 = 4.7; P = 0.031). The proportion of cases with any comorbidity was lower among respondents who met criteria only for DSM-IV AG (78.7%) than those who met both sets (92.9%; χ 21= 14.5; P < 0.001). Conclusions: This first large survey shows that, compared to the DSM-IV, the DSM-5 identifies a substantial group of new cases with AG, while the prevalence rate remains stable at 1.5%. Severity and comorbidity are higher in individuals meeting DSM-5 AG criteria compared with individuals meeting DSM-IV AG criteria only. © 2019 The Authors. Depression and Anxiety Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	499-510
Number of pages	12
Journal	Depression and Anxiety
Volume	36
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22885
Publication status	Published - 2019

Keywords

agoraphobia
anxiety/anxiety disorders
cross-national
disorders
epidemiology
phobia/phobic
adult
aged
Article
cohort analysis
comorbidity
comparative study
DSM-5
DSM-IV
female
health survey
human
major clinical study
male
middle aged
prevalence
priority journal
role playing
adolescent
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
global health
international cooperation
mental health
panic
young adult
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Agoraphobia
Comorbidity
Female
Global Health
Health Surveys
Humans
Internationality
Male
Mental Health
Middle Aged
Panic Disorder
Prevalence
Young Adult

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10.1002/da.22885

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Roest, A. M., de Vries, Y. A., Lim, C. C. W., Wittchen, H-U., Stein, D. J., Adamowski, T., Al-Hamzawi, A., Bromet, E. J., Viana, M. C., de Girolamo, G., Demyttenaere, K., Florescu, S., Gureje, O., Haro, J. M., Hu, C., Karam, E. G., Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M., Kawakami, N., Lépine, J. P., ... Collaborators, O. B. O. T. WHO. W. M. H. S. (2019). A comparison of DSM-5 and DSM-IV agoraphobia in the World Mental Health Surveys: Depression and Anxiety. Depression and Anxiety, 36(6), 499-510. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22885

A comparison of DSM-5 and DSM-IV agoraphobia in the World Mental Health Surveys : Depression and Anxiety. / Roest, A.M.; de Vries, Y.A.; Lim, C.C.W.; Wittchen, H.-U.; Stein, D.J.; Adamowski, T.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Bromet, E.J.; Viana, M.C.; de Girolamo, G.; Demyttenaere, K.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Haro, J.M.; Hu, C.; Karam, E.G.; Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M.; Kawakami, N.; Lépine, J.P.; Levinson, D.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Navarro-Mateu, F.; O’Neill, S.; Piazza, M.; Posada-Villa, J.A.; Slade, T.; Torres, Y.; Kessler, R.C.; Scott, K.M.; de Jonge, P.; Collaborators, On behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey.

In: Depression and Anxiety, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2019, p. 499-510.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Roest, AM, de Vries, YA, Lim, CCW, Wittchen, H-U, Stein, DJ, Adamowski, T, Al-Hamzawi, A, Bromet, EJ, Viana, MC, de Girolamo, G, Demyttenaere, K, Florescu, S, Gureje, O, Haro, JM, Hu, C, Karam, EG, Caldas-de-Almeida, JM, Kawakami, N, Lépine, JP, Levinson, D, Medina-Mora, ME, Navarro-Mateu, F, O’Neill, S, Piazza, M, Posada-Villa, JA, Slade, T, Torres, Y, Kessler, RC, Scott, KM, de Jonge, P & Collaborators, OBOTWHOWMHS 2019, 'A comparison of DSM-5 and DSM-IV agoraphobia in the World Mental Health Surveys: Depression and Anxiety', Depression and Anxiety, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 499-510. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22885

Roest, A.M. ; de Vries, Y.A. ; Lim, C.C.W. ; Wittchen, H.-U. ; Stein, D.J. ; Adamowski, T. ; Al-Hamzawi, A. ; Bromet, E.J. ; Viana, M.C. ; de Girolamo, G. ; Demyttenaere, K. ; Florescu, S. ; Gureje, O. ; Haro, J.M. ; Hu, C. ; Karam, E.G. ; Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M. ; Kawakami, N. ; Lépine, J.P. ; Levinson, D. ; Medina-Mora, M.E. ; Navarro-Mateu, F. ; O’Neill, S. ; Piazza, M. ; Posada-Villa, J.A. ; Slade, T. ; Torres, Y. ; Kessler, R.C. ; Scott, K.M. ; de Jonge, P. ; Collaborators, On behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey. / A comparison of DSM-5 and DSM-IV agoraphobia in the World Mental Health Surveys : Depression and Anxiety. In: Depression and Anxiety. 2019 ; Vol. 36, No. 6. pp. 499-510.

@article{21c96efe51fe4064a77a7654a280b07e,

title = "A comparison of DSM-5 and DSM-IV agoraphobia in the World Mental Health Surveys: Depression and Anxiety",

abstract = "Background: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, version 5 (DSM-5) definition of agoraphobia (AG) as an independent diagnostic entity makes it timely to re-examine the epidemiology of AG. Study objective was to present representative data on the characteristics of individuals who meet DSM-IV criteria for AG (AG without a history of panic disorder [PD] and PD with AG) but not DSM-5 criteria, DSM-5 but not DSM-IV criteria, or both sets of criteria. Methods: Population-based surveys from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative including adult respondents (n = 136,357) from 27 countries across the world. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess AG and other disorders. Results: Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-5 AG (1.5% and 1.0%) were comparable to DSM-IV (1.4% and 0.9%). Of respondents meeting criteria in either system, 57.1% met criteria in both, while 24.2% met criteria for DSM-5 only and 18.8% for DSM-IV only. Severe role impairment due to AG was reported by a lower proportion of respondents who met criteria only for DSM-IV AG (30.4%) than those with both DSM-5 and DSM-IV AG (44.0%; χ 21 = 4.7; P = 0.031). The proportion of cases with any comorbidity was lower among respondents who met criteria only for DSM-IV AG (78.7%) than those who met both sets (92.9%; χ 21= 14.5; P < 0.001). Conclusions: This first large survey shows that, compared to the DSM-IV, the DSM-5 identifies a substantial group of new cases with AG, while the prevalence rate remains stable at 1.5%. Severity and comorbidity are higher in individuals meeting DSM-5 AG criteria compared with individuals meeting DSM-IV AG criteria only. {\textcopyright} 2019 The Authors. Depression and Anxiety Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",

keywords = "agoraphobia, anxiety/anxiety disorders, cross-national, disorders, epidemiology, phobia/phobic, adult, aged, Article, cohort analysis, comorbidity, comparative study, DSM-5, DSM-IV, female, health survey, human, major clinical study, male, middle aged, prevalence, priority journal, role playing, adolescent, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, global health, international cooperation, mental health, panic, young adult, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Agoraphobia, Comorbidity, Female, Global Health, Health Surveys, Humans, Internationality, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Panic Disorder, Prevalence, Young Adult",

author = "A.M. Roest and {de Vries}, Y.A. and C.C.W. Lim and H.-U. Wittchen and D.J. Stein and T. Adamowski and A. Al-Hamzawi and E.J. Bromet and M.C. Viana and {de Girolamo}, G. and K. Demyttenaere and S. Florescu and O. Gureje and J.M. Haro and C. Hu and E.G. Karam and J.M. Caldas-de-Almeida and N. Kawakami and J.P. L{\'e}pine and D. Levinson and M.E. Medina-Mora and F. Navarro-Mateu and S. O{\textquoteright}Neill and M. Piazza and J.A. Posada-Villa and T. Slade and Y. Torres and R.C. Kessler and K.M. Scott and {de Jonge}, P. and Collaborators, {On behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey}",

note = "Export Date: 10 February 2020 CODEN: DEANF Correspondence Address: Roest, A.M.; Department of Developmental Psychology, University of GroningenNetherlands; email: a.m.roest@rug.nl Funding details: Universidade de Lisboa, ULisboa Funding details: Society of Gastrointestinal Radiologists, SGR Funding details: Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog{\'i}a, MICYT Funding details: Ministry of Public Health, MOPH Funding details: Funda{\c c}{\~a}o de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa do Estado de S{\~a}o Paulo, FAPESP, 00/0028 Funding details: National Insurance Institute of Israel, NII Funding details: John W. Alden Trust, The John W. Alden Trust Funding details: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, R01 DA016558, R01‐ MH069864, R13‐ MH066849 Funding details: Departament d'Innovaci{\'o}, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya, DIUE Funding details: Servier Funding details: Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University Funding details: European Environment Agency, EEA Funding details: Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Gesundheit, BMG Funding details: Scranton Area Foundation, SAF Funding details: Funda{\c c}{\~a}o para a Ci{\^e}ncia e a Tecnologia, FCT Funding details: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, RWJF, 044708 Funding details: Health Research, HRI Funding details: Department of Health, Australian Government Funding details: Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, NOVA Funding details: Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand, ALAC Funding details: PL 0256 Funding details: Eli Lilly and Company Funding details: Israel National Institute for Health Policy Research, NIHP Funding details: Novartis Funding details: Michigan Department of Mental Health, DMH Funding details: Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Funding details: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Funding details: National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIDA Funding details: Servicio Murciano de Salud Funding details: Pfizer Foundation Funding details: AstraZeneca Funding details: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, SAMHSA Funding details: Ministry of Health, New Zealand Funding details: Department of Health and Ageing, Australian Government Funding details: Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation Funding details: Fakultet Medicinskih Nauka, Univerziteta U Kragujevcu Funding details: R01 DA016558, R13‐MH066849, R01‐ MH069864 Funding details: Norway Grants Funding details: Fuel Cell Technologies Program, FCT Funding details: Pan American Health Organization, PAHO Funding details: H. Lundbeck A/S Funding details: National Research Council of Science and Technology, NST Funding details: GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Funding details: Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, FIS 00/0028 Funding details: South African Medical Research Council, SAMRC Funding details: European Commission, EC, QLG5‐1999‐01042, EAHC 20081308, SANCO 2004123 Funding details: Funda{\c c}{\~a}o de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa do Estado de S{\~a}o Paulo, FAPESP Funding details: H16‐KOKORO‐013, H25‐SEISHIN‐IPPAN‐006, H20‐ KOKORO‐IPPAN‐009, H14‐TOKUBETSU‐026, H13‐SHOGAI‐023 Funding details: Fogarty International Center, FIC, FIRCA R03‐TW006481 Funding details: Fundaci{\'o}n para la Formaci{\'o}n e Investigaci{\'o}n Sanitarias de la Regi{\'o}n de Murcia, FFIS Funding details: Instituto de Investigaci{\'o}n Sanitaria Fundaci{\'o}n Jim{\'e}nez D{\'i}az, IIS-FJD Funding details: World Health Organization, WHO Funding details: Funda{\c c}{\~a}o de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa do Estado de S{\~a}o Paulo, FAPESP, 03/00204‐3 Funding details: MOP Funding details: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, MHLW Funding details: Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog{\'i}a, MICYT, SAF 2000‐158‐CE Funding details: Ministry of Health, MOH Funding details: Regione Piemonte Funding details: Generalitat de Catalunya, RETICS RD06/0011 REM‐TAP, CIBER CB06/02/0046, 2014 SGR 748 Funding details: National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, RO1‐MH61905 Funding details: INPRFMDIES 4280 Funding details: Manitoba Health Research Council, MHRC Funding details: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation Funding details: R03 TW006481‐01 Funding details: Institut Nacional d'Educacio Fisica de Catalunya, Generalitat de Catalunya, INEFC Funding details: Cao Guangbiao High Science and Technology Foundation, Zhejiang University, ZJU Funding details: National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, R01 MH070884 Funding text 1: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Grant/Award Numbers: R01‐ MH069864, R01 DA016558, R13‐ MH066849; Australian Government Department of Health; State of S{\~a}o Paulo Research Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 03/00204‐3; Piedmont Region, Grant/Award Number: 00/0028; Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog{\'i}a, Grant/Award Number: 2000‐158‐ CE; SAF; DIUE; SGR; ITF; National Insurance Institute of Israel; Ministry of Public Health; Servier; UPO; PAHO; Health Research; Federal Ministry of Health; Shenzhen; EEA; Faculty of Medical Sciences; NOVA; University of Lisbon; Foundation for Science and Technology; SRL; Regional Health Authorities of Murcia; Servicio Murciano de Salud; FFIS; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 044708; John W. Alden Trust Funding text 2: This study was carried out in conjunction with the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative which is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH; R01 MH070884), the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Pfizer Foundation, the US Public Health Service (R13‐MH066849, R01‐ MH069864, and R01 DA016558), the Fogarty International Center (FIRCA R03‐TW006481), the Pan American Health Organization, Eli Lilly and Company, Ortho‐McNeil Pharmaceutical, GlaxoSmithKline, and Bristol‐Myers Squibb. We thank the staff of the WMH Data Collection and Data Analysis Coordination Centres for assistance with instrumentation, fieldwork, and consultation on data analysis. None of the funders had any role in the design, analysis, interpretation of results, or preparation of this paper. A complete list of all within‐country and cross‐national WMH publications can be found at http://www.hcp.med. harvard.edu/wmh/. The 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing was funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. The S{\~a}o Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey is supported by the State of S{\~a}o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Thematic Project Grant 03/00204‐3. The Colombian National Study of Mental Health (NSMH) is supported by the Ministry of Social Protection. The Mental Health Study Medell{\'i}n—Colombia was carried out and supported jointly by the Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health (CES University) and the Secretary of Health of Medell{\'i}n. The ESEMeD project is funded by the European Commission (Contracts QLG5‐1999‐01042, SANCO 2004123, and EAHC 20081308), the Piedmont Region (Italy), Fondo de Investigaci{\'o}n Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (FIS 00/0028), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog{\'i}a, Spain (SAF 2000‐158‐CE), Departa-ment de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, DIUE de la Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR 452; 2014 SGR 748), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER CB06/02/0046, RETICS RD06/0011 REM‐TAP), and other local agencies and by an unrestricted educational grant from GlaxoSmithKline. Implementation of the Iraq Mental Health Survey (IMHS) and data entry were carried out by the staff of the Iraqi MOH and MOP with direct support from the Iraqi IMHS team with funding from both the Japanese and European Funds through United Nations Development Group Iraq Trust Fund (UNDG ITF). The Israel National Health Survey is funded by the Ministry of Health with support from the Israel National Institute for Health Policy and Health Services Research and the National Insurance Institute of Israel. The World Mental Health Japan (WMHJ) Survey is supported by the Grant for Research on Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases and Mental Health (H13‐SHOGAI‐023, H14‐TOKUBETSU‐026, H16‐KOKORO‐013, H20‐ KOKORO‐IPPAN‐009, H25‐SEISHIN‐IPPAN‐006) from the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The Lebanese National Mental Health Survey (L.E.B.A.N.O.N.) is supported by the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, the WHO (Lebanon), National Institute of Health/Fogarty International Center (R03 TW006481‐01), anonymous private donations to IDRAAC, Lebanon, and unrestricted grants from Algorithm, AstraZeneca, Benta, Bella Pharma, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, Novartis, OmniPharma, Pfizer, Phenicia, Servier, and UPO. The Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (MNCS) is supported by The National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente (INPRFMDIES 4280) and by the National Council on Science and Technology (CONACyT‐G30544‐ H), with supplemental support from the PanAmerican Health Organization (PAHO). Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey (NZMHS) is supported by the New Zealand Ministry of Health, Alcohol Advisory Council, and the Health Research Council. The Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHW) is supported by the WHO (Geneva), the WHO (Nigeria), and the Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria. The Northern Ireland Study of Mental Health was funded by the Health & Social Care Research & Development Division of the Public Health Agency. The Shenzhen Mental Health Survey is supported by the Shenzhen Bureau of Health and the Shenzhen Bureau of Science, Technology, and Information. The Peruvian World Mental Health Study was funded by the National Institute of Health of the Ministry of Health of Peru. The Polish project Epidemiology of Mental Health and Access to Care—EZOP Project (PL 0256) was supported by Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway through funding from the EEA Financial Mechanism and the Norwegian Financial Mechanism. EZOP project was co‐financed by the Polish Ministry of Health. The Portuguese Mental Health Study was carried out by the Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA University of Lisbon, with collaboration of the Portuguese Catholic University, and was funded by Champalimaud Foundation, Gulbenkian Foundation, Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), and Ministry of Health. The Romania WMH study projects “Policies in Mental Health Area” and “{"}National Study regarding Mental Health and Services Use” were carried out by National School of Public Health & Health Services Management (former National Institute for Research & Development in Health, present National School of Public Health, Management & Professional Development, Bucharest), with technical support of Metro Media Transilvania, the National Institute of Statistics —National Centre for Training in Statistics, SC. Cheyenne Services SRL, Statistics Netherlands and were funded by Ministry of Public Health (former and present Ministry of Health) with supplemental support of Eli Lilly Romania SRL. The Psychiatric Enquiry to General Population in Southeast Spain—Murcia (PEGASUS‐Murcia) Project has been financed by the Regional Health Authorities of Murcia (Servicio Murciano de Salud and Consejer{\'i}a de Sanidad y Pol{\'i}tica Social) and Fundaci{\'o}n para la Formaci{\'o}n e Investigaci{\'o}n Sanitarias (FFIS) of Murcia. The Ukraine Comorbid Mental Disorders during Periods of Social Disruption (CMDPSD) study is funded by the US National Institute of Mental Health (RO1‐MH61905). The US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS‐R) is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH; U01‐MH60220) with supplemental support from the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF; Grant 044708), and the John W. Alden Trust. “Dr. Stein is supported by the Medical Research Council of South Africa (MRC).” The WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators are Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, MD, PhD, Ali Al-Hamzawi, MD, Mohammed Salih Al-Kaisy, MD, Jordi Alonso, MD, PhD, Laura Helena Andrade, MD, PhD, Corina Benjet, PhD, Guilherme Borges,ScD, Evelyn J. Bromet, PhD, Ronny Bruffaerts, PhD, Brendan Bunting, PhD, Jose Miguel Caldas de Almeida, MD, PhD, Gra{\c c}a Cardoso, MD, PhD, Somnath Chatterji, MD, Alfredo H. Cia, MD, Louisa Degenhardt, PhD, Koen Demyttenaere, MD, PhD, Silvia Florescu, MD, PhD, Giovanni de Girolamo, MD, Oye Gureje, MD, DSc, FRCPsych, Josep Maria Haro, MD, PhD, Hristo Hinkov, MD, PhD, Chi-yi Hu, MD, PhD, Peter de Jonge, PhD, Aimee Nasser Karam, PhD, Elie G. Karam, MD, Norito Kawakami, MD, DMSc, Ronald C. Kessler, PhD, Andrzej Kiejna, MD, PhD, Viviane Kovess-Masfety, MD, PhD, Sing Lee, MB, BS, Jean-Pierre Lepine, MD, Daphna Levinson, PhD, John McGrath, MD, PhD, Maria Elena Medina-Mora, PhD, Zeina Mneimneh, PhD, Jacek Moskalewicz, PhD, Fernando Navarro-Mateu, MD, PhD, Marina Piazza, MPH, ScD, Jose Posada-Villa, MD, Kate M. Scott, PhD, Tim Slade, PhD, Juan Carlos Stagnaro, MD, PhD, Dan J. Stein, FRCPC, PhD, Margreet ten Have, PhD, Yolanda Torres, MPH, Dra.HC, Maria Carmen Viana, MD, PhD, Harvey Whiteford, MBBS, PhD, David R. Williams, MPH, PhD, Bogdan Wojtyniak, ScD. Funding text 3: In the past 3 years, Dr. Stein has received research grants and/or consultancy honoraria from AMBRF/Foundation for Alcohol Research, Biocodex, Cipla, Lundbeck, National Responsible Gambling Foundation, Novartis, Servier, and Sun. Dr. Demyttenaere has served on advisory boards for Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Johnson&Johnson, Servier, Boehringer Ingelheim, Livanova and has research grants from Eli Lilly, foundation “ga voor geluk,” Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen. References: (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, , 4th ed., text revision, Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press; (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, , 5th ed, Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press; Andrews, G., Slade, T., Agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder may be part of the panic disorder syndrome (2002) Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 190 (9), pp. 624-630; Asmundson, G.J.G., Asmundson, A.J.N., Are anxiety disorders publications continuing on a trajectory of growth? A look at Boschen{\textquoteright}s (2008) predictions and beyond (2018) Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 56, pp. 1-4. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.05.003; Asmundson, G.J., Taylor, S., Smits, J.A., Panic disorder and agoraphobia: An overview and commentary on DSM-5 changes (2014) Depression and Anxiety, 31 (6), pp. 480-486. , https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22277; Bandelow, B., Comparison of the DSM-5 and ICD-10: Panic and other anxiety disorders (2017) CNS Spectrums, 22 (5), pp. 404-406. , https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852917000116; Cornacchio, D., Chou, T., Sacks, H., Pincus, D., Comer, J., Clinical consequences of the revised DSM-5 definition of agoraphobia in treatment-seeking anxious youth (2015) Depression and Anxiety, 32 (7), pp. 502-508. , https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22361; Craske, M.G., Stein, M.B., Eley, T.C., Milad, M.R., Holmes, A., Rapee, R.M., Wittchen, H.U., Anxiety disorders (2017) Nature Reviews. 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Kessler, R.C., Ust{\"u}n, T.B., The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative Version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (2004) International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13 (2), pp. 93-121; Kn{\"a}uper, B., Cannell, C.F., Schwarz, N., Bruce, M.L., Kessler, R.C., Improving accuracy of major depression age-of-onset reports in the US National Comorbidity Survey (1999) International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 8 (1), pp. 39-48; Kogan, C.S., Stein, D.J., Maj, M., First, M.B., Emmelkamp, P.M.G., Reed, G.M., The classification of anxiety and fear-related disorders in the ICD-11 (2016) Depression and Anxiety, 33 (12), pp. 1141-1154. , https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22530; Leon, A.C., Olfson, M., Portera, L., Farber, L., Sheehan, D.V., Assessing psychiatric impairment in primary care with the Sheehan Disability Scale (1997) International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 27 (2), pp. 93-105. , https://doi.org/10.2190/T8EM-C8YH-373N-1UWD; 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(2002), SUDAAN Professional software for survey data analysis, Research Triangle Park Research Triangle Institute; Roest, A.M., de Jonge, P., Lim, C.C.W., Stein, D.J., Medina-Mora, M.E., Scott, K.M., Agoraphobia (2018) Mental disorders around the world: facts and figures form the WHO World Mental Health Surveys, pp. pp. 106-119. , Scott, K. 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C., (Eds.),, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; Ruscio, A.M., Hallion, L.S., Lim, C.C.W., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., Scott, K.M., Cross-sectional comparison of the epidemiology of DSM-5 generalized anxiety disorder across the globe (2017) JAMA Psychiatry, 74 (5), pp. 465-475. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0056; Slade, T., Chiu, W.T., Glantz, M., Kessler, R.C., Lago, L., Sampson, N., Degenhardt, L., A cross-national examination of differences in classification of lifetime alcohol use disorder between DSM-IV and DSM-5: Findings from the World Mental Health Survey (2016) Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 40 (8), pp. 1728-1736. , https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13134; Stein, D.J., Agoraphobia and panic disorder: Options for ICD-11 (2012) World Psychiatry, 11, pp. 88-92; Stein, D.J., Lim, C.C.W., Roest, A.M., de Jonge, P., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Scott, K.M., The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative (2017) BMC Medicine, 15, pp. 1-21. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2; Stein, D.J., McLaughlin, K.A., Koenen, K.C., Atwoli, L., Friedman, M.J., Hill, E.D., Kessler, R.C., DSM-5 and ICD-11 definitions of posttraumatic stress disorder: Investigating 'narrow' and 'broad' approaches (2014) Depression and Anxiety, 31 (6), pp. 494-505. , https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22279; Whiteford, H.A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A.J., Ferrari, A.J., Erskine, H.E., Vos, T., Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (2013) The Lancet, 382 (9904), pp. 1575-1586. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6; Wittchen, H.U., Gloster, A.T., Beesdo-Baum, K., Fava, G.A., Craske, M.G., Agoraphobia: A review of the diagnostic classificatory position and criteria (2010) Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269), 27 (2), pp. 113-133. , https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20646; Wittchen, H.U., Nocon, A., Beesdo, K., Pine, D.S., H{\"o}fler, M., Lieb, R., Gloster, A.T., Agoraphobia and panic. Prospective-longitudinal relations suggest a rethinking of diagnostic concepts (2008) Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 77 (3), pp. 147-157. , https://doi.org/10.1159/000116608; Wittchen, H.U., Reed, V., Kessler, R.C., The relationship of agoraphobia and panic in a community sample of adolescents and young adults (1998) Archives of General Psychiatry, 55 (11), pp. 1017-1024; Wolter, K.M., (1985) Introduction to variance estimation, , New York, Springer-Verlag; (2016), http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en, . Icd-10. Retrieved fromUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061342511&doi=10.1002%2fda.22885&partnerID=40&md5=78efb0fddebcd6131a4c9619b942eed6",

year = "2019",

doi = "10.1002/da.22885",

language = "English",

volume = "36",

pages = "499--510",

journal = "Depression and Anxiety",

issn = "1091-4269",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

number = "6",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - A comparison of DSM-5 and DSM-IV agoraphobia in the World Mental Health Surveys

T2 - Depression and Anxiety

AU - Roest, A.M.

AU - de Vries, Y.A.

AU - Lim, C.C.W.

AU - Wittchen, H.-U.

AU - Stein, D.J.

AU - Adamowski, T.

AU - Al-Hamzawi, A.

AU - Bromet, E.J.

AU - Viana, M.C.

AU - de Girolamo, G.

AU - Demyttenaere, K.

AU - Florescu, S.

AU - Gureje, O.

AU - Haro, J.M.

AU - Hu, C.

AU - Karam, E.G.

AU - Caldas-de-Almeida, J.M.

AU - Kawakami, N.

AU - Lépine, J.P.

AU - Levinson, D.

AU - Medina-Mora, M.E.

AU - Navarro-Mateu, F.

AU - O’Neill, S.

AU - Piazza, M.

AU - Posada-Villa, J.A.

AU - Slade, T.

AU - Torres, Y.

AU - Kessler, R.C.

AU - Scott, K.M.

AU - de Jonge, P.

AU - Collaborators, On behalf of the WHO World Mental Health Survey

N1 - Export Date: 10 February 2020 CODEN: DEANF Correspondence Address: Roest, A.M.; Department of Developmental Psychology, University of GroningenNetherlands; email: a.m.roest@rug.nl Funding details: Universidade de Lisboa, ULisboa Funding details: Society of Gastrointestinal Radiologists, SGR Funding details: Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, MICYT Funding details: Ministry of Public Health, MOPH Funding details: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP, 00/0028 Funding details: National Insurance Institute of Israel, NII Funding details: John W. Alden Trust, The John W. Alden Trust Funding details: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, R01 DA016558, R01‐ MH069864, R13‐ MH066849 Funding details: Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya, DIUE Funding details: Servier Funding details: Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University Funding details: European Environment Agency, EEA Funding details: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, BMG Funding details: Scranton Area Foundation, SAF Funding details: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT Funding details: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, RWJF, 044708 Funding details: Health Research, HRI Funding details: Department of Health, Australian Government Funding details: Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, NOVA Funding details: Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand, ALAC Funding details: PL 0256 Funding details: Eli Lilly and Company Funding details: Israel National Institute for Health Policy Research, NIHP Funding details: Novartis Funding details: Michigan Department of Mental Health, DMH Funding details: Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Funding details: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Funding details: National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIDA Funding details: Servicio Murciano de Salud Funding details: Pfizer Foundation Funding details: AstraZeneca Funding details: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, SAMHSA Funding details: Ministry of Health, New Zealand Funding details: Department of Health and Ageing, Australian Government Funding details: Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation Funding details: Fakultet Medicinskih Nauka, Univerziteta U Kragujevcu Funding details: R01 DA016558, R13‐MH066849, R01‐ MH069864 Funding details: Norway Grants Funding details: Fuel Cell Technologies Program, FCT Funding details: Pan American Health Organization, PAHO Funding details: H. Lundbeck A/S Funding details: National Research Council of Science and Technology, NST Funding details: GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Funding details: Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, FIS 00/0028 Funding details: South African Medical Research Council, SAMRC Funding details: European Commission, EC, QLG5‐1999‐01042, EAHC 20081308, SANCO 2004123 Funding details: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP Funding details: H16‐KOKORO‐013, H25‐SEISHIN‐IPPAN‐006, H20‐ KOKORO‐IPPAN‐009, H14‐TOKUBETSU‐026, H13‐SHOGAI‐023 Funding details: Fogarty International Center, FIC, FIRCA R03‐TW006481 Funding details: Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitarias de la Región de Murcia, FFIS Funding details: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-FJD Funding details: World Health Organization, WHO Funding details: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP, 03/00204‐3 Funding details: MOP Funding details: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, MHLW Funding details: Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, MICYT, SAF 2000‐158‐CE Funding details: Ministry of Health, MOH Funding details: Regione Piemonte Funding details: Generalitat de Catalunya, RETICS RD06/0011 REM‐TAP, CIBER CB06/02/0046, 2014 SGR 748 Funding details: National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, RO1‐MH61905 Funding details: INPRFMDIES 4280 Funding details: Manitoba Health Research Council, MHRC Funding details: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation Funding details: R03 TW006481‐01 Funding details: Institut Nacional d'Educacio Fisica de Catalunya, Generalitat de Catalunya, INEFC Funding details: Cao Guangbiao High Science and Technology Foundation, Zhejiang University, ZJU Funding details: National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, R01 MH070884 Funding text 1: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Grant/Award Numbers: R01‐ MH069864, R01 DA016558, R13‐ MH066849; Australian Government Department of Health; State of São Paulo Research Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 03/00204‐3; Piedmont Region, Grant/Award Number: 00/0028; Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Grant/Award Number: 2000‐158‐ CE; SAF; DIUE; SGR; ITF; National Insurance Institute of Israel; Ministry of Public Health; Servier; UPO; PAHO; Health Research; Federal Ministry of Health; Shenzhen; EEA; Faculty of Medical Sciences; NOVA; University of Lisbon; Foundation for Science and Technology; SRL; Regional Health Authorities of Murcia; Servicio Murciano de Salud; FFIS; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 044708; John W. Alden Trust Funding text 2: This study was carried out in conjunction with the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative which is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH; R01 MH070884), the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Pfizer Foundation, the US Public Health Service (R13‐MH066849, R01‐ MH069864, and R01 DA016558), the Fogarty International Center (FIRCA R03‐TW006481), the Pan American Health Organization, Eli Lilly and Company, Ortho‐McNeil Pharmaceutical, GlaxoSmithKline, and Bristol‐Myers Squibb. We thank the staff of the WMH Data Collection and Data Analysis Coordination Centres for assistance with instrumentation, fieldwork, and consultation on data analysis. None of the funders had any role in the design, analysis, interpretation of results, or preparation of this paper. A complete list of all within‐country and cross‐national WMH publications can be found at http://www.hcp.med. harvard.edu/wmh/. The 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing was funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. The São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey is supported by the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Thematic Project Grant 03/00204‐3. The Colombian National Study of Mental Health (NSMH) is supported by the Ministry of Social Protection. The Mental Health Study Medellín—Colombia was carried out and supported jointly by the Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health (CES University) and the Secretary of Health of Medellín. The ESEMeD project is funded by the European Commission (Contracts QLG5‐1999‐01042, SANCO 2004123, and EAHC 20081308), the Piedmont Region (Italy), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (FIS 00/0028), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain (SAF 2000‐158‐CE), Departa-ment de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, DIUE de la Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR 452; 2014 SGR 748), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER CB06/02/0046, RETICS RD06/0011 REM‐TAP), and other local agencies and by an unrestricted educational grant from GlaxoSmithKline. Implementation of the Iraq Mental Health Survey (IMHS) and data entry were carried out by the staff of the Iraqi MOH and MOP with direct support from the Iraqi IMHS team with funding from both the Japanese and European Funds through United Nations Development Group Iraq Trust Fund (UNDG ITF). The Israel National Health Survey is funded by the Ministry of Health with support from the Israel National Institute for Health Policy and Health Services Research and the National Insurance Institute of Israel. The World Mental Health Japan (WMHJ) Survey is supported by the Grant for Research on Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases and Mental Health (H13‐SHOGAI‐023, H14‐TOKUBETSU‐026, H16‐KOKORO‐013, H20‐ KOKORO‐IPPAN‐009, H25‐SEISHIN‐IPPAN‐006) from the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The Lebanese National Mental Health Survey (L.E.B.A.N.O.N.) is supported by the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, the WHO (Lebanon), National Institute of Health/Fogarty International Center (R03 TW006481‐01), anonymous private donations to IDRAAC, Lebanon, and unrestricted grants from Algorithm, AstraZeneca, Benta, Bella Pharma, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, Novartis, OmniPharma, Pfizer, Phenicia, Servier, and UPO. The Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (MNCS) is supported by The National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente (INPRFMDIES 4280) and by the National Council on Science and Technology (CONACyT‐G30544‐ H), with supplemental support from the PanAmerican Health Organization (PAHO). Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey (NZMHS) is supported by the New Zealand Ministry of Health, Alcohol Advisory Council, and the Health Research Council. The Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHW) is supported by the WHO (Geneva), the WHO (Nigeria), and the Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria. The Northern Ireland Study of Mental Health was funded by the Health & Social Care Research & Development Division of the Public Health Agency. The Shenzhen Mental Health Survey is supported by the Shenzhen Bureau of Health and the Shenzhen Bureau of Science, Technology, and Information. The Peruvian World Mental Health Study was funded by the National Institute of Health of the Ministry of Health of Peru. The Polish project Epidemiology of Mental Health and Access to Care—EZOP Project (PL 0256) was supported by Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway through funding from the EEA Financial Mechanism and the Norwegian Financial Mechanism. EZOP project was co‐financed by the Polish Ministry of Health. The Portuguese Mental Health Study was carried out by the Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA University of Lisbon, with collaboration of the Portuguese Catholic University, and was funded by Champalimaud Foundation, Gulbenkian Foundation, Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), and Ministry of Health. The Romania WMH study projects “Policies in Mental Health Area” and “"National Study regarding Mental Health and Services Use” were carried out by National School of Public Health & Health Services Management (former National Institute for Research & Development in Health, present National School of Public Health, Management & Professional Development, Bucharest), with technical support of Metro Media Transilvania, the National Institute of Statistics —National Centre for Training in Statistics, SC. Cheyenne Services SRL, Statistics Netherlands and were funded by Ministry of Public Health (former and present Ministry of Health) with supplemental support of Eli Lilly Romania SRL. The Psychiatric Enquiry to General Population in Southeast Spain—Murcia (PEGASUS‐Murcia) Project has been financed by the Regional Health Authorities of Murcia (Servicio Murciano de Salud and Consejería de Sanidad y Política Social) and Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitarias (FFIS) of Murcia. The Ukraine Comorbid Mental Disorders during Periods of Social Disruption (CMDPSD) study is funded by the US National Institute of Mental Health (RO1‐MH61905). The US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS‐R) is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH; U01‐MH60220) with supplemental support from the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF; Grant 044708), and the John W. Alden Trust. “Dr. Stein is supported by the Medical Research Council of South Africa (MRC).” The WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators are Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, MD, PhD, Ali Al-Hamzawi, MD, Mohammed Salih Al-Kaisy, MD, Jordi Alonso, MD, PhD, Laura Helena Andrade, MD, PhD, Corina Benjet, PhD, Guilherme Borges,ScD, Evelyn J. Bromet, PhD, Ronny Bruffaerts, PhD, Brendan Bunting, PhD, Jose Miguel Caldas de Almeida, MD, PhD, Graça Cardoso, MD, PhD, Somnath Chatterji, MD, Alfredo H. Cia, MD, Louisa Degenhardt, PhD, Koen Demyttenaere, MD, PhD, Silvia Florescu, MD, PhD, Giovanni de Girolamo, MD, Oye Gureje, MD, DSc, FRCPsych, Josep Maria Haro, MD, PhD, Hristo Hinkov, MD, PhD, Chi-yi Hu, MD, PhD, Peter de Jonge, PhD, Aimee Nasser Karam, PhD, Elie G. Karam, MD, Norito Kawakami, MD, DMSc, Ronald C. Kessler, PhD, Andrzej Kiejna, MD, PhD, Viviane Kovess-Masfety, MD, PhD, Sing Lee, MB, BS, Jean-Pierre Lepine, MD, Daphna Levinson, PhD, John McGrath, MD, PhD, Maria Elena Medina-Mora, PhD, Zeina Mneimneh, PhD, Jacek Moskalewicz, PhD, Fernando Navarro-Mateu, MD, PhD, Marina Piazza, MPH, ScD, Jose Posada-Villa, MD, Kate M. Scott, PhD, Tim Slade, PhD, Juan Carlos Stagnaro, MD, PhD, Dan J. Stein, FRCPC, PhD, Margreet ten Have, PhD, Yolanda Torres, MPH, Dra.HC, Maria Carmen Viana, MD, PhD, Harvey Whiteford, MBBS, PhD, David R. Williams, MPH, PhD, Bogdan Wojtyniak, ScD. Funding text 3: In the past 3 years, Dr. Stein has received research grants and/or consultancy honoraria from AMBRF/Foundation for Alcohol Research, Biocodex, Cipla, Lundbeck, National Responsible Gambling Foundation, Novartis, Servier, and Sun. Dr. Demyttenaere has served on advisory boards for Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Johnson&Johnson, Servier, Boehringer Ingelheim, Livanova and has research grants from Eli Lilly, foundation “ga voor geluk,” Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen. 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Prospective-longitudinal relations suggest a rethinking of diagnostic concepts (2008) Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 77 (3), pp. 147-157. , https://doi.org/10.1159/000116608; Wittchen, H.U., Reed, V., Kessler, R.C., The relationship of agoraphobia and panic in a community sample of adolescents and young adults (1998) Archives of General Psychiatry, 55 (11), pp. 1017-1024; Wolter, K.M., (1985) Introduction to variance estimation, , New York, Springer-Verlag; (2016), http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en, . Icd-10. Retrieved fromUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061342511&doi=10.1002%2fda.22885&partnerID=40&md5=78efb0fddebcd6131a4c9619b942eed6

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - Background: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, version 5 (DSM-5) definition of agoraphobia (AG) as an independent diagnostic entity makes it timely to re-examine the epidemiology of AG. Study objective was to present representative data on the characteristics of individuals who meet DSM-IV criteria for AG (AG without a history of panic disorder [PD] and PD with AG) but not DSM-5 criteria, DSM-5 but not DSM-IV criteria, or both sets of criteria. Methods: Population-based surveys from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative including adult respondents (n = 136,357) from 27 countries across the world. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess AG and other disorders. Results: Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-5 AG (1.5% and 1.0%) were comparable to DSM-IV (1.4% and 0.9%). Of respondents meeting criteria in either system, 57.1% met criteria in both, while 24.2% met criteria for DSM-5 only and 18.8% for DSM-IV only. Severe role impairment due to AG was reported by a lower proportion of respondents who met criteria only for DSM-IV AG (30.4%) than those with both DSM-5 and DSM-IV AG (44.0%; χ 21 = 4.7; P = 0.031). The proportion of cases with any comorbidity was lower among respondents who met criteria only for DSM-IV AG (78.7%) than those who met both sets (92.9%; χ 21= 14.5; P < 0.001). Conclusions: This first large survey shows that, compared to the DSM-IV, the DSM-5 identifies a substantial group of new cases with AG, while the prevalence rate remains stable at 1.5%. Severity and comorbidity are higher in individuals meeting DSM-5 AG criteria compared with individuals meeting DSM-IV AG criteria only. © 2019 The Authors. Depression and Anxiety Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

AB - Background: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, version 5 (DSM-5) definition of agoraphobia (AG) as an independent diagnostic entity makes it timely to re-examine the epidemiology of AG. Study objective was to present representative data on the characteristics of individuals who meet DSM-IV criteria for AG (AG without a history of panic disorder [PD] and PD with AG) but not DSM-5 criteria, DSM-5 but not DSM-IV criteria, or both sets of criteria. Methods: Population-based surveys from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative including adult respondents (n = 136,357) from 27 countries across the world. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess AG and other disorders. Results: Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of DSM-5 AG (1.5% and 1.0%) were comparable to DSM-IV (1.4% and 0.9%). Of respondents meeting criteria in either system, 57.1% met criteria in both, while 24.2% met criteria for DSM-5 only and 18.8% for DSM-IV only. Severe role impairment due to AG was reported by a lower proportion of respondents who met criteria only for DSM-IV AG (30.4%) than those with both DSM-5 and DSM-IV AG (44.0%; χ 21 = 4.7; P = 0.031). The proportion of cases with any comorbidity was lower among respondents who met criteria only for DSM-IV AG (78.7%) than those who met both sets (92.9%; χ 21= 14.5; P < 0.001). Conclusions: This first large survey shows that, compared to the DSM-IV, the DSM-5 identifies a substantial group of new cases with AG, while the prevalence rate remains stable at 1.5%. Severity and comorbidity are higher in individuals meeting DSM-5 AG criteria compared with individuals meeting DSM-IV AG criteria only. © 2019 The Authors. Depression and Anxiety Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

KW - agoraphobia

KW - anxiety/anxiety disorders

KW - cross-national

KW - disorders

KW - epidemiology

KW - phobia/phobic

KW - adult

KW - aged

KW - Article

KW - cohort analysis

KW - comorbidity

KW - comparative study

KW - DSM-5

KW - DSM-IV

KW - female

KW - health survey

KW - human

KW - major clinical study

KW - male

KW - middle aged

KW - prevalence

KW - priority journal

KW - role playing

KW - adolescent

KW - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

KW - global health

KW - international cooperation

KW - mental health

KW - panic

KW - young adult

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Aged

KW - Agoraphobia

KW - Comorbidity

KW - Female

KW - Global Health

KW - Health Surveys

KW - Humans

KW - Internationality

KW - Male

KW - Mental Health

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Panic Disorder

KW - Prevalence

KW - Young Adult

U2 - 10.1002/da.22885

DO - 10.1002/da.22885

M3 - Article

VL - 36

SP - 499

EP - 510

JO - Depression and Anxiety

JF - Depression and Anxiety

SN - 1091-4269

IS - 6

ER -

A comparison of DSM-5 and DSM-IV agoraphobia in the World Mental Health Surveys: Depression and Anxiety

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