TY - JOUR
T1 - Acquired Resilience
T2 - An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in Mammals
AU - Stone, Jonathan
AU - Mitrofanis, John
AU - Johnstone, Daniel M.
AU - Falsini, Benedetto
AU - Bisti, Silvia
AU - Adam, Paul
AU - Nuevo, Arturo Bravo
AU - George-Weinstein, Mindy
AU - Mason, Rebecca
AU - Eells, Janis
PY - 2018/10/1
Y1 - 2018/10/1
N2 - This review brings together observations on the stress-induced regulation of resilience mechanisms in body tissues. It is argued that the stresses that induce tissue resilience in mammals arise from everyday sources: sunlight, food, lack of food, hypoxia and physical stresses. At low levels, these stresses induce an organised protective response in probably all tissues; and, at some higher level, cause tissue destruction. This pattern of response to stress is well known to toxicologists, who have termed it hormesis. The phenotypes of resilience are diverse and reports of stress-induced resilience are to be found in journals of neuroscience, sports medicine, cancer, healthy ageing, dementia, parkinsonism, ophthalmology and more. This diversity makes the proposing of a general concept of induced resilience a significant task, which this review attempts. We suggest that a system of stress-induced tissue resilience has evolved to enhance the survival of animals. By analogy with acquired immunity, we term this system ‘acquired resilience’. Evidence is reviewed that acquired resilience, like acquired immunity, fades with age. This fading is, we suggest, a major component of ageing. Understanding of acquired resilience may, we argue, open pathways for the maintenance of good health in the later decades of human life.
AB - This review brings together observations on the stress-induced regulation of resilience mechanisms in body tissues. It is argued that the stresses that induce tissue resilience in mammals arise from everyday sources: sunlight, food, lack of food, hypoxia and physical stresses. At low levels, these stresses induce an organised protective response in probably all tissues; and, at some higher level, cause tissue destruction. This pattern of response to stress is well known to toxicologists, who have termed it hormesis. The phenotypes of resilience are diverse and reports of stress-induced resilience are to be found in journals of neuroscience, sports medicine, cancer, healthy ageing, dementia, parkinsonism, ophthalmology and more. This diversity makes the proposing of a general concept of induced resilience a significant task, which this review attempts. We suggest that a system of stress-induced tissue resilience has evolved to enhance the survival of animals. By analogy with acquired immunity, we term this system ‘acquired resilience’. Evidence is reviewed that acquired resilience, like acquired immunity, fades with age. This fading is, we suggest, a major component of ageing. Understanding of acquired resilience may, we argue, open pathways for the maintenance of good health in the later decades of human life.
KW - acquired resilience
KW - dose–response
KW - hormesis
KW - preconditioning
KW - radiation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85059281857&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85059281857&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/1559325818803428
DO - 10.1177/1559325818803428
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85059281857
VL - 16
JO - Dose-Response
JF - Dose-Response
SN - 1559-3258
IS - 4
ER -