TY - JOUR
T1 - Age-related reduction of cerebral ischemic preconditioning
T2 - Myth or reality?
AU - Della-Morte, David
AU - Cacciatore, Francesco
AU - Salsano, Elisa
AU - Pirozzi, Gilda
AU - del Genio, Maria Teresa
AU - D'Antonio, Iole
AU - Gaetano, Gargiulo
AU - Palmirotta, Raffaele
AU - Guadagni, Fiorella
AU - Rundek, Tatjana
AU - Abete, Pasquale
PY - 2013/8/7
Y1 - 2013/8/7
N2 - Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries for people older than 65 years of age. The reasons are still unclear. A reduction of endogenous mechanisms against ischemic insults has been proposed to explain this phenomenon. The "cerebral" ischemic preconditioning mechanism is characterized by a brief episode of ischemia that renders the brain more resistant against subsequent longer ischemic events. This ischemic tolerance has been shown in numerous experimental models of cerebral ischemia. This protective mechanism seems to be reduced with aging both in experimental and clinical studies. Alterations of mediators released and/or intracellular pathways may be responsible for age-related ischemic preconditioning reduction. Agents able to mimic the "cerebral" preconditioning effect may represent a new powerful tool for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in the elderly. In this article, animal and human cerebral ischemic preconditioning, its age-related difference, and its potential therapeutical applications are discussed.
AB - Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries for people older than 65 years of age. The reasons are still unclear. A reduction of endogenous mechanisms against ischemic insults has been proposed to explain this phenomenon. The "cerebral" ischemic preconditioning mechanism is characterized by a brief episode of ischemia that renders the brain more resistant against subsequent longer ischemic events. This ischemic tolerance has been shown in numerous experimental models of cerebral ischemia. This protective mechanism seems to be reduced with aging both in experimental and clinical studies. Alterations of mediators released and/or intracellular pathways may be responsible for age-related ischemic preconditioning reduction. Agents able to mimic the "cerebral" preconditioning effect may represent a new powerful tool for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in the elderly. In this article, animal and human cerebral ischemic preconditioning, its age-related difference, and its potential therapeutical applications are discussed.
KW - Elderly
KW - Ischemic preconditioning
KW - Mortality
KW - Stroke
KW - Transient cerebral ischemic attack
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U2 - 10.2147/CIA.S47462
DO - 10.2147/CIA.S47462
M3 - Article
C2 - 24204128
AN - SCOPUS:84881265879
VL - 8
SP - 1055
EP - 1061
JO - Clinical Interventions in Aging
JF - Clinical Interventions in Aging
SN - 1176-9092
ER -