TY - JOUR
T1 - An updated reappraisal of synapsins: structure, function and role in neurological and psychiatric disorders
AU - Longhena, Francesca
AU - Faustini, Gaia
AU - Brembati, Viviana
AU - Pizzi, Marina
AU - Benfenati, Fabio
AU - Bellucci, Arianna
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Fondazione Cariplo (2014-0769), the Italian MIUR , PNR 2015–2020 Personalized Medicine for Innovative Strategies in Neuro-Psychiatric and Vascular Diseases (PerMedNet), the Italian MIUR PRIN 2017-1065 and the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, NY, USA (grant ID #10742.01).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/11
Y1 - 2021/11
N2 - Synapsins (Syns) are phosphoproteins strongly involved in neuronal development and neurotransmitter release. Three distinct genes SYN1, SYN2 and SYN3, with elevated evolutionary conservation, have been described to encode for Synapsin I, Synapsin II and Synapsin III, respectively. Syns display a series of common features, but also exhibit distinctive localization, expression pattern, post-translational modifications (PTM). These characteristics enable their interaction with other synaptic proteins, membranes and cytoskeletal components, which is essential for the proper execution of their multiple functions in neuronal cells. These include the control of synapse formation and growth, neuron maturation and renewal, as well as synaptic vesicle mobilization, docking, fusion, recycling. Perturbations in the balanced expression of Syns, alterations of their PTM, mutations and polymorphisms of their encoding genes induce severe dysregulations in brain networks functions leading to the onset of psychiatric or neurological disorders. This review presents what we have learned since the discovery of Syn I in 1977, providing the state of the art on Syns structure, function, physiology and involvement in central nervous system disorders.
AB - Synapsins (Syns) are phosphoproteins strongly involved in neuronal development and neurotransmitter release. Three distinct genes SYN1, SYN2 and SYN3, with elevated evolutionary conservation, have been described to encode for Synapsin I, Synapsin II and Synapsin III, respectively. Syns display a series of common features, but also exhibit distinctive localization, expression pattern, post-translational modifications (PTM). These characteristics enable their interaction with other synaptic proteins, membranes and cytoskeletal components, which is essential for the proper execution of their multiple functions in neuronal cells. These include the control of synapse formation and growth, neuron maturation and renewal, as well as synaptic vesicle mobilization, docking, fusion, recycling. Perturbations in the balanced expression of Syns, alterations of their PTM, mutations and polymorphisms of their encoding genes induce severe dysregulations in brain networks functions leading to the onset of psychiatric or neurological disorders. This review presents what we have learned since the discovery of Syn I in 1977, providing the state of the art on Syns structure, function, physiology and involvement in central nervous system disorders.
KW - neurodevelopment
KW - neurological disorders
KW - neurotransmission
KW - post-translational modifications
KW - psychiatric disorders
KW - Synapsins
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U2 - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.011
DO - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.011
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85112805840
VL - 130
SP - 33
EP - 60
JO - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
JF - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
SN - 0149-7634
ER -