Antihypertensive treatment and new-onset diabetes mellitus

The various antihypertensive regimens have varying effects on glucose metabolism and the development of diabetes mellitus. Recent large hypertension trials have shown great differences in the development of new-onset diabetes among antihypertensive drug therapies. The incidence of diabetes is unchanged or increased by thiazide diuretics and β-adrenergic blockers, and unchanged or decreased by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin-receptor blockers. The differences in new-onset diabetes mellitus have not influenced the outcome of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in all of the large clinical trials, but drug-induced diabetes among hypertensive patients is known to carry the same cardiovascular risk as that seen in patients with previously known diabetes; however, it might take years for the increased risk to become apparent.