TY - JOUR
T1 - Antihypertensive treatment is not a risk factor for major cardiovascular events in the Gubbio residential cohort study
AU - Lanti, Mariapaola
AU - Puddu, Paolo E.
AU - Vagnarelli, Oscar Terradura
AU - Laurenzi, Martino
AU - Cirillo, Massimo
AU - Mancini, Mario
AU - Zanchetti, Alberto
AU - Menotti, Alessandro
PY - 2015/4/1
Y1 - 2015/4/1
N2 - Background and objectives: Demonstration of antihypertensive beneficial role in population settings is difficult. Relationships of antihypertensive treatment, blood pressure control, risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes were investigated in the Gubbio study. Material and methods: Among 2248 cardiovascular disease-free men and women aged 35-74 years, individuals were classified as nonhypertensive, controlled hypertensive, uncontrolled hypertensive and untreated hypertensive based on cut-off limits of 140/90mmHg for SBP/DBP and/or the use of antihypertensive drugs. Endpoint was the first major coronary, cerebrovascular or peripheral hard event [cardiovascular disease (CVD)] during a 15-year average. Univariate and multivariate analyses were run. Results: Nonhypertensive individuals were about 10 years younger and had lower risk factor levels than the other categories. The relative risk (and 95% confidence interval) for CVD versus nonhypertension was 1.78 (1.02-3.10) for controlled hypertension, 3.76 (2.79-5.06) for uncontrolled hypertension and 3.30 (2.59-4.21) for untreated hypertension (UTH). After adjusting for covariates, such as sex, age, achieved blood pressure and other risk factors, the CVD risk of controlled hypertension was practically equal to that of nonhypertension, and remained unchanged even when blood pressure was excluded from the model (1.03, 0.58-1.82). The higher cardiovascular risk of uncontrolled hypertension and UTH was reduced after adjusting for covariates, but remained significantly higher than in nonhypertension, with no significant differences between uncontrolled hypertension and UTH. Conclusions: A higher level of baseline risk is not due to treatment per se, the risk being similar in uncontrolled hypertension and UTH. Adjustment for risk factors reduces the risk only in controlled hypertension, suggesting that there may be structural alterations scarcely reversible by antihypertensive treatment.
AB - Background and objectives: Demonstration of antihypertensive beneficial role in population settings is difficult. Relationships of antihypertensive treatment, blood pressure control, risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes were investigated in the Gubbio study. Material and methods: Among 2248 cardiovascular disease-free men and women aged 35-74 years, individuals were classified as nonhypertensive, controlled hypertensive, uncontrolled hypertensive and untreated hypertensive based on cut-off limits of 140/90mmHg for SBP/DBP and/or the use of antihypertensive drugs. Endpoint was the first major coronary, cerebrovascular or peripheral hard event [cardiovascular disease (CVD)] during a 15-year average. Univariate and multivariate analyses were run. Results: Nonhypertensive individuals were about 10 years younger and had lower risk factor levels than the other categories. The relative risk (and 95% confidence interval) for CVD versus nonhypertension was 1.78 (1.02-3.10) for controlled hypertension, 3.76 (2.79-5.06) for uncontrolled hypertension and 3.30 (2.59-4.21) for untreated hypertension (UTH). After adjusting for covariates, such as sex, age, achieved blood pressure and other risk factors, the CVD risk of controlled hypertension was practically equal to that of nonhypertension, and remained unchanged even when blood pressure was excluded from the model (1.03, 0.58-1.82). The higher cardiovascular risk of uncontrolled hypertension and UTH was reduced after adjusting for covariates, but remained significantly higher than in nonhypertension, with no significant differences between uncontrolled hypertension and UTH. Conclusions: A higher level of baseline risk is not due to treatment per se, the risk being similar in uncontrolled hypertension and UTH. Adjustment for risk factors reduces the risk only in controlled hypertension, suggesting that there may be structural alterations scarcely reversible by antihypertensive treatment.
KW - Coronary heart disease
KW - Coronary heart disease fatalities
KW - Cox model
KW - Gubbio cohort study
KW - Hypertensive treatment
KW - Prediction
KW - Risk factors
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U2 - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000490
DO - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000490
M3 - Article
C2 - 25915878
AN - SCOPUS:84938930771
VL - 33
SP - 736
EP - 744
JO - Journal of Hypertension
JF - Journal of Hypertension
SN - 0263-6352
IS - 4
ER -