TY - JOUR
T1 - Beginning to end
T2 - Cardiovascular implications of growth hormone (GH) deficiency and GH therapy
AU - Colao, Annamaria
AU - Somma, Carolina Di
AU - Savanelli, Maria Cristina
AU - Leo, Monica De
AU - Lombardi, Gaetano
PY - 2006/7
Y1 - 2006/7
N2 - Both growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are involved in heart development and in maintenance of cardiac structure and performance. Cardiovascular disease has been reported to reduce life expectancy in both GH deficiency (GHD) and GH excess. Patients with GHD suffer from a cluster of abnormalities associated with increased cardiovascular risk, including abnormal body composition, unfavorable lipid profile, increased fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels, insulin resistance, early atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction, and impaired left ventricular (LV) performance (i.e., reduced diastolic filling and impaired response to peak exercise). Long-term GH replacement therapy reverses most of these abnormalities. More consistently, GH replacement reduces body fat and visceral adipose tissue, reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and improves endothelial function. GH replacement also reduces intima media thickness at major arteries and improves LV performance, but these results have been observed only in small series of patients treated on a short-term basis. This review discusses the roles of GHD and GH replacement therapy in the development of cardiovascular disease.
AB - Both growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are involved in heart development and in maintenance of cardiac structure and performance. Cardiovascular disease has been reported to reduce life expectancy in both GH deficiency (GHD) and GH excess. Patients with GHD suffer from a cluster of abnormalities associated with increased cardiovascular risk, including abnormal body composition, unfavorable lipid profile, increased fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels, insulin resistance, early atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction, and impaired left ventricular (LV) performance (i.e., reduced diastolic filling and impaired response to peak exercise). Long-term GH replacement therapy reverses most of these abnormalities. More consistently, GH replacement reduces body fat and visceral adipose tissue, reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and improves endothelial function. GH replacement also reduces intima media thickness at major arteries and improves LV performance, but these results have been observed only in small series of patients treated on a short-term basis. This review discusses the roles of GHD and GH replacement therapy in the development of cardiovascular disease.
KW - Atherosclerosis
KW - Growth hormone (GH)
KW - Growth hormone deficiency
KW - Heart
KW - Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ghir.2006.03.006
DO - 10.1016/j.ghir.2006.03.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 16690338
AN - SCOPUS:33745218966
VL - 16
SP - 41
EP - 48
JO - Endocrinology and Metabolism, Supplement
JF - Endocrinology and Metabolism, Supplement
SN - 1096-6374
IS - SUPPL.
ER -