TY - JOUR
T1 - Beyond first-line immunotherapy: Potential therapeutic strategies based on different pattern progressions: Oligo and systemic progression
AU - Prelaj, Arsela
AU - Pircher, Chiara Carlotta
AU - Massa, Giacomo
AU - Martelli, Valentino
AU - Corrao, Giulia
AU - Russo, Giuseppe Lo
AU - Proto, Claudia
AU - Ferrara, Roberto
AU - Galli, Giulia
AU - De Toma, Alessandro
AU - Genova, Carlo
AU - Jereczek-Fossa, Barbara Alicja
AU - de Braud, Filippo
AU - Garassino, Marina Chiara
AU - Rebuzzi, Sara Elena
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/3/2
Y1 - 2021/3/2
N2 - First-line immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapy has deeply changed the treatment landscape and prognosis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients with no targetable alterations. Nonetheless, a percentage of patients progressed on ICI as monotherapy or combinations. Open questions remain on patients’ selection, the identification of biomarkers of primary resistance to immunotherapy and the treatment strategies to overcome secondary resistance to first-line immunotherapy. Local ablative approaches are the main therapeutic strategies in oligoprogressive disease, and their role is emerging in patients treated with immunotherapy. Many therapeutic strategies can be adapted in aNSCLC patients with systemic progression to person-alize the treatment approach according to re-characterization of the tumors, previous ICI response, and type of progression. This review’s aim is to highlight and discuss the current and potential therapeutic approaches beyond first-line ICI-based therapy in aNSCLC patients based on the pattern of disease progression (oligoprogression versus systemic progression).
AB - First-line immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapy has deeply changed the treatment landscape and prognosis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients with no targetable alterations. Nonetheless, a percentage of patients progressed on ICI as monotherapy or combinations. Open questions remain on patients’ selection, the identification of biomarkers of primary resistance to immunotherapy and the treatment strategies to overcome secondary resistance to first-line immunotherapy. Local ablative approaches are the main therapeutic strategies in oligoprogressive disease, and their role is emerging in patients treated with immunotherapy. Many therapeutic strategies can be adapted in aNSCLC patients with systemic progression to person-alize the treatment approach according to re-characterization of the tumors, previous ICI response, and type of progression. This review’s aim is to highlight and discuss the current and potential therapeutic approaches beyond first-line ICI-based therapy in aNSCLC patients based on the pattern of disease progression (oligoprogression versus systemic progression).
KW - Immune checkpoint inhibitor
KW - Immunotherapy
KW - Local therapy
KW - Non-small cell lung cancer
KW - Oligoprogression
KW - Resistance
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U2 - 10.3390/cancers13061300
DO - 10.3390/cancers13061300
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85102436066
VL - 13
SP - 1300
JO - Cancers
JF - Cancers
SN - 2072-6694
IS - 6
ER -