TY - JOUR
T1 - Beyond PSA
T2 - The role of prostate health index (phi)
AU - Ferro, Matteo
AU - De Cobelli, Ottavio
AU - Lucarelli, Giuseppe
AU - Porreca, Angelo
AU - Busetto, Gian Maria
AU - Cantiello, Francesco
AU - Damiano, Rocco
AU - Autorino, Riccardo
AU - Musi, Gennaro
AU - Vartolomei, Mihai Dorin
AU - Muto, Matteo
AU - Terracciano, Daniela
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to express their deepest gratitude to Fondazione Muto Onlus in Naples for the support of the publication of this manuscript
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/2/2
Y1 - 2020/2/2
N2 - Background: Widespread use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in screening procedures allowed early identification of an increasing number of prostate cancers (PCas), mainly including indolent cancer. Availability of different therapeutic strategies which have a very different impact on the patient’s quality of life suggested a strong need for tools able to identify clinically significant cancer at diagnosis. Multi-parametric magnetic resonance showed very good performance in pre-biopsy diagnosis. However, it is an expensive tool and requires an experienced radiologist. In this context, a simple blood-based test is worth investigating. In this context, researchers focused their attention on the development of a laboratory test able to minimize overdiagnosis without losing the identification of aggressive tumors. Results: Recent literature data on PCa biomarkers revealed a clear tendency towards the use of panels of biomarkers or a combination of biomarkers and clinical variables. Phi, the 4Kscore, and Stockholm3 as circulating biomarkers and the Mi-prostate score, Exo DX Prostate, and Select MD-X as urinary biomarker-based tests have been developed. In this scenario, phi is worthy of attention as a noninvasive test significantly associated with aggressive PCa. Conclusions: Literature data showed that phi had good diagnostic performance to identify clinically significant (cs) PCa, suggesting that it could be a useful tool for personalized treatment decision‐making. In this review, phi potentialities, limitations, and comparisons with other blood-and urinary-based tests were explored.
AB - Background: Widespread use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in screening procedures allowed early identification of an increasing number of prostate cancers (PCas), mainly including indolent cancer. Availability of different therapeutic strategies which have a very different impact on the patient’s quality of life suggested a strong need for tools able to identify clinically significant cancer at diagnosis. Multi-parametric magnetic resonance showed very good performance in pre-biopsy diagnosis. However, it is an expensive tool and requires an experienced radiologist. In this context, a simple blood-based test is worth investigating. In this context, researchers focused their attention on the development of a laboratory test able to minimize overdiagnosis without losing the identification of aggressive tumors. Results: Recent literature data on PCa biomarkers revealed a clear tendency towards the use of panels of biomarkers or a combination of biomarkers and clinical variables. Phi, the 4Kscore, and Stockholm3 as circulating biomarkers and the Mi-prostate score, Exo DX Prostate, and Select MD-X as urinary biomarker-based tests have been developed. In this scenario, phi is worthy of attention as a noninvasive test significantly associated with aggressive PCa. Conclusions: Literature data showed that phi had good diagnostic performance to identify clinically significant (cs) PCa, suggesting that it could be a useful tool for personalized treatment decision‐making. In this review, phi potentialities, limitations, and comparisons with other blood-and urinary-based tests were explored.
KW - Clinical significance
KW - Overdiagnosis
KW - Phi
KW - Prostate cancer
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U2 - 10.3390/ijms21041184
DO - 10.3390/ijms21041184
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32053990
AN - SCOPUS:85079339816
VL - 21
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
SN - 1661-6596
IS - 4
M1 - 1184
ER -