@article{66dec632965748d6b176f81ae88bb825,
title = "Biallelic mutations in the homeodomain of NKX6-2 underlie a severe hypomyelinating leukodystrophy",
abstract = "Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies are genetically heterogeneous disorders with overlapping clinical and neuroimaging features reflecting variable abnormalities in myelin formation. We report on the identification of biallelic inactivating mutations in NKX6-2,a gene encoding a transcription factor regulating multiple developmental processes with a main role in oligodendrocyte differentiation and regulation of myelin-specific gene expression, as the cause underlying a previously unrecognized severe variant of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Five affected subjects (three unrelated families) were documented to share biallelic inactivating mutations affecting the NKX6-2 homeobox domain. A trio-based whole exome sequencing analysis in the first family detected a homozygous frameshift change [c.606delinsTA; p.(Lys202Asnfs)]. In the second family, homozygosity mapping coupled to whole exome sequencing identified a homozygous nucleotide substitution (c.565G4T) introducing a premature stop codon (p.Glu189). In the third family, whole exome sequencing established compound heterozygosity for a non-conservative missense change affecting a key residue participating in DNA binding (c.599G4A; p.Arg200Gln) and a nonsense substitution (c.589C4T; p.Gln197), in both affected siblings. The clinical presentation was homogeneous, with four subjects having severe motor delays, nystagmus and absent head control, and one individual showing gross motor delay at the age of 6 months. All exhibited neuroimaging that was consistent with hypomyelination. These findings define a novel, severe form of leukodystrophy caused by impaired NKX6-2 function. {\textcopyright} The Author (2017).",
keywords = "brain imaging, homeobox domain, hypomyelinating leukodystrophies, myelin, NKX6-2, amylase, mitochondrial DNA, NKX6 2 protein, nucleotide, protein, unclassified drug, homeodomain protein, NKX6-2 protein, human, 5' flanking region, allele, Article, carboxy terminal sequence, cell differentiation, cerebellum atrophy, clinical feature, cohort analysis, disease severity, DNA binding, DNA determination, dysphagia, electroretinogram, failure to thrive, female, gene expression, gene mutation, gingiva hypertrophy, heterozygosity, homozygosity, human, hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, leukodystrophy, male, missense mutation, molecular weight, muscle hypertonia, neuroimaging, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, nystagmus, oligodendroglia, oral glucose tolerance test, pancreas disease, phenotype, priority journal, protein expression, recessive inheritance, respiratory failure, stop codon, whole exome sequencing, adolescent, child, consanguinity, diagnostic imaging, dna mutational analysis, evoked brain stem auditory response, family health, genetics, homeobox, leukoencephalopathy, molecular model, mutation, pathology, pathophysiology, preschool child, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Consanguinity, DNA Mutational Analysis, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem, Family Health, Female, Genes, Homeobox, Homeodomain Proteins, Humans, Leukoencephalopathies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Molecular, Mutation",
author = "I. Dorboz and C. Aiello and C. Simons and R.T. Stone and M. Niceta and M. Elmaleh and M. Abuawad and D. Doummar and A. Bruselles and N.I. Wolf and L. Travaglini and O. Boespflug-Tanguy and M. Tartaglia and A. Vanderver and D. Rodriguez and E. Bertini",
note = "Cited By :1 Export Date: 6 April 2018 CODEN: BRAIA Correspondence Address: Bertini, E.; Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegnerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Ges{\`u} IRCCS, V.le S. Paolo, Italy; email: bertini@opbg.net Chemicals/CAS: amylase, 9000-90-2, 9000-92-4, 9001-19-8; protein, 67254-75-5; Homeodomain Proteins; NKX6-2 protein, human Funding details: ELA 2009-045C3, ELA, Association Europ{\'e}enne contre les Leucodystrophies Funding details: 2017 Funding text: This study was supported, in part, by Fondazione Bambino Ges{\`u} (Vite Coraggiose, to M.T.), the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente 2016 and 2017, to E.B. and M.N.), and the European Leukodystrophy Association (ELA), grant number ELA 2009-045C3 to E.B. 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year = "2017",
doi = "10.1093/brain/awx207",
language = "English",
volume = "140",
pages = "2550--2556",
journal = "Brain",
issn = "0006-8950",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "10",
}