Blood oxygenation level dependent magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion weighted MRI imaging for benign and malignant breast cancer discrimination

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess Blood oxygenation level dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BOLD-MRI) and Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) in the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods: Fifty-nine breast lesions (26 benign and 33 malignant lesions) pathologically proven in 59 patients were included in this retrospective study. As BOLD parameters were estimated basal signal S₀ and the relaxation rate R2*, diffusion and perfusion parameters were derived by DWI (pseudo-diffusion coefficient (Dp), perfusion fraction (fp) and tissue diffusivity (Dt)). Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were calculated and area under ROC curve (AUC) was obtained. Moreover, pattern recognition approaches (linear discrimination analysis (LDA), support vector machine, k-nearest neighbours, decision tree) with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method and leave one out cross validation approach were considered. Results: A significant discrimination was obtained by the standard deviation value of S0, as BOLD parameter, that reached an AUC of 0.76 with a sensitivity of 65%, a specificity of 85% and an accuracy of 76%. No significant discrimination was obtained considering diffusion and perfusion parameters. Considering LASSO results, the features to use as predictors were all extracted parameters except that the mean value of R2* and the best result was obtained by a LDA that obtained an AUC = 0.83, with a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 77% and an accuracy of 83%. Conclusions: Good performance to discriminate benign and malignant lesions could be obtained using BOLD and DWI derived parameters with a LDA classification approach. However, these findings should be proven on larger and several dataset with different MR scanners.