Abstract
Purpose of review: Communication with patients suffering from locked-in syndrome and other forms of paralysis is an unsolved challenge. Movement restoration for patients with chronic stroke or other brain damage also remains a therapeutic problem and available treatments do not offer significant improvements. This review considers recent research in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) as promising solutions to these challenges. Recent findings: Experimentation with nonhuman primates suggests that intentional goal directed movements of the upper limbs can be reconstructed and transmitted to external manipulandum or robotic devices controlled from a relatively small number of microelectrodes implanted into movement-relevant brain areas after some training, opening the door for the development of BCI or brain-machine interfaces in humans. Although noninvasive BCIs using electroencephalographic recordings or event-related-brain-potentials in healthy individuals and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or stroke can transmit up to 80 bits/min of information, the use of BCIs - invasive or noninvasive - in severely or totally paralyzed patients has met some unforeseen difficulties. Summary: Invasive and noninvasive BCIs using recordings from nerve cells, large neuronal pools such as electrocorticogram and electroencephalography, or blood flow based measures such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy show potential for communication in locked-in syndrome and movement restoration in chronic stroke, but controlled phase III clinical trials with larger populations of severely disturbed patients are urgently needed.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 634-638 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Current Opinion in Neurology |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2008 |
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Keywords
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Movement restoration
- Stroke
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Clinical Neurology
- Neurology
Cite this
Brain-computer interface in paralysis. / Birbaumer, Niels; Murguialday, Ander Ramos; Cohen, Leonardo.
In: Current Opinion in Neurology, Vol. 21, No. 6, 12.2008, p. 634-638.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Brain-computer interface in paralysis
AU - Birbaumer, Niels
AU - Murguialday, Ander Ramos
AU - Cohen, Leonardo
PY - 2008/12
Y1 - 2008/12
N2 - Purpose of review: Communication with patients suffering from locked-in syndrome and other forms of paralysis is an unsolved challenge. Movement restoration for patients with chronic stroke or other brain damage also remains a therapeutic problem and available treatments do not offer significant improvements. This review considers recent research in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) as promising solutions to these challenges. Recent findings: Experimentation with nonhuman primates suggests that intentional goal directed movements of the upper limbs can be reconstructed and transmitted to external manipulandum or robotic devices controlled from a relatively small number of microelectrodes implanted into movement-relevant brain areas after some training, opening the door for the development of BCI or brain-machine interfaces in humans. Although noninvasive BCIs using electroencephalographic recordings or event-related-brain-potentials in healthy individuals and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or stroke can transmit up to 80 bits/min of information, the use of BCIs - invasive or noninvasive - in severely or totally paralyzed patients has met some unforeseen difficulties. Summary: Invasive and noninvasive BCIs using recordings from nerve cells, large neuronal pools such as electrocorticogram and electroencephalography, or blood flow based measures such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy show potential for communication in locked-in syndrome and movement restoration in chronic stroke, but controlled phase III clinical trials with larger populations of severely disturbed patients are urgently needed.
AB - Purpose of review: Communication with patients suffering from locked-in syndrome and other forms of paralysis is an unsolved challenge. Movement restoration for patients with chronic stroke or other brain damage also remains a therapeutic problem and available treatments do not offer significant improvements. This review considers recent research in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) as promising solutions to these challenges. Recent findings: Experimentation with nonhuman primates suggests that intentional goal directed movements of the upper limbs can be reconstructed and transmitted to external manipulandum or robotic devices controlled from a relatively small number of microelectrodes implanted into movement-relevant brain areas after some training, opening the door for the development of BCI or brain-machine interfaces in humans. Although noninvasive BCIs using electroencephalographic recordings or event-related-brain-potentials in healthy individuals and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or stroke can transmit up to 80 bits/min of information, the use of BCIs - invasive or noninvasive - in severely or totally paralyzed patients has met some unforeseen difficulties. Summary: Invasive and noninvasive BCIs using recordings from nerve cells, large neuronal pools such as electrocorticogram and electroencephalography, or blood flow based measures such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy show potential for communication in locked-in syndrome and movement restoration in chronic stroke, but controlled phase III clinical trials with larger populations of severely disturbed patients are urgently needed.
KW - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
KW - Movement restoration
KW - Stroke
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=56749127998&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=56749127998&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328315ee2d
DO - 10.1097/WCO.0b013e328315ee2d
M3 - Article
C2 - 18989104
AN - SCOPUS:56749127998
VL - 21
SP - 634
EP - 638
JO - Current Opinion in Neurology
JF - Current Opinion in Neurology
SN - 1350-7540
IS - 6
ER -