Choroidal neovascular membrane following hormonal stimulation for in vitro fertilization

Purpose: To report the onset of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) following hormonal stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in a healthy young woman. Methods: A 31-year-old woman presented with visual impairment following hormonal stimulation for IVF. Clinical history was collected and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), complete eye examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography were performed. Results: Clinical history was negative with the exception of the use of medications for IVF in the previous weeks. Ocular examination revealed the presence of a CNV in the right eye, confirmed by OCT and FA, with a BCVA of 0.7 decimal units. Possible ocular and systemic diseases associated with CNV development were investigated and excluded. Treatment with 3 monthly intravitreal injections of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was effective in reducing CNV size and restoring visual acuity. Conclusions: This is the first report describing the development of CNV following hormonal stimulation for IVF. The development of CNV may be associated with changes of sex hormones, cytokines, and angiogenic factor levels, including VEGF, induced by hormonal stimulation.