Abstract
Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) has now been studied in different age groups of normal infants and children, and it is clear that it shows dramatic changes with age. In this review we first focus on the important age-related changes of CAP from birth to peripubertal age and, subsequently, we describe the numerous studies on CAP in developmental clinical conditions such as pediatric sleep disordered breathing, disorders of arousal (sleep walking and sleep terror), pediatric narcolepsy, learning disabilities with mental retardation (fragile-X syndrome, Down syndrome, autistic spectrum disorder, Prader-Willi syndrome) or without (dyslexia, Asperger syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). CAP rate is almost always decreased in these conditions with the exception of the disorders of arousal and some cases of sleep apnea. Another constant result is the reduction of A1 subtypes, probably in relationship with the degree of cognitive impairment. The analysis of CAP in pediatric sleep allows a better understanding of the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of sleep disturbance. CAP can be considered as a window into pediatric sleep, allowing a new vision on how the sleeping brain is influenced by a specific pathology or how sleep protecting mechanisms try to counteract internal or external disturbing events.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 628-636 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Sleep Medicine |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue number | 7 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2010 |
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Keywords
- Children
- Cyclic alternating pattern
- Disorder of arousal
- Infants
- Narcolepsy
- Neuropsychological deficits
- Sleep disordered breathing
- Spectral analysis
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Medicine(all)
Cite this
Cyclic alternating pattern : A window into pediatric sleep. / Bruni, Oliviero; Novelli, Luana; Miano, Silvia; Parrino, Liborio; Terzano, Mario Giovanni; Ferri, Raffaele.
In: Sleep Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 7, 2010, p. 628-636.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Cyclic alternating pattern
T2 - A window into pediatric sleep
AU - Bruni, Oliviero
AU - Novelli, Luana
AU - Miano, Silvia
AU - Parrino, Liborio
AU - Terzano, Mario Giovanni
AU - Ferri, Raffaele
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) has now been studied in different age groups of normal infants and children, and it is clear that it shows dramatic changes with age. In this review we first focus on the important age-related changes of CAP from birth to peripubertal age and, subsequently, we describe the numerous studies on CAP in developmental clinical conditions such as pediatric sleep disordered breathing, disorders of arousal (sleep walking and sleep terror), pediatric narcolepsy, learning disabilities with mental retardation (fragile-X syndrome, Down syndrome, autistic spectrum disorder, Prader-Willi syndrome) or without (dyslexia, Asperger syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). CAP rate is almost always decreased in these conditions with the exception of the disorders of arousal and some cases of sleep apnea. Another constant result is the reduction of A1 subtypes, probably in relationship with the degree of cognitive impairment. The analysis of CAP in pediatric sleep allows a better understanding of the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of sleep disturbance. CAP can be considered as a window into pediatric sleep, allowing a new vision on how the sleeping brain is influenced by a specific pathology or how sleep protecting mechanisms try to counteract internal or external disturbing events.
AB - Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) has now been studied in different age groups of normal infants and children, and it is clear that it shows dramatic changes with age. In this review we first focus on the important age-related changes of CAP from birth to peripubertal age and, subsequently, we describe the numerous studies on CAP in developmental clinical conditions such as pediatric sleep disordered breathing, disorders of arousal (sleep walking and sleep terror), pediatric narcolepsy, learning disabilities with mental retardation (fragile-X syndrome, Down syndrome, autistic spectrum disorder, Prader-Willi syndrome) or without (dyslexia, Asperger syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). CAP rate is almost always decreased in these conditions with the exception of the disorders of arousal and some cases of sleep apnea. Another constant result is the reduction of A1 subtypes, probably in relationship with the degree of cognitive impairment. The analysis of CAP in pediatric sleep allows a better understanding of the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of sleep disturbance. CAP can be considered as a window into pediatric sleep, allowing a new vision on how the sleeping brain is influenced by a specific pathology or how sleep protecting mechanisms try to counteract internal or external disturbing events.
KW - Children
KW - Cyclic alternating pattern
KW - Disorder of arousal
KW - Infants
KW - Narcolepsy
KW - Neuropsychological deficits
KW - Sleep disordered breathing
KW - Spectral analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77954942809&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77954942809&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.10.003
DO - 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.10.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 20427233
AN - SCOPUS:77954942809
VL - 11
SP - 628
EP - 636
JO - Sleep Medicine
JF - Sleep Medicine
SN - 1389-9457
IS - 7
ER -