Abstract
Objectives: The present study aimed at offering a standerized database for cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) parameters across representative ages of life. Methods: CAP parameters were quantified in 40 healthy sleepers and polygraphically investigated in a partially sound-proof recording chamber under a standard laboratory setting. Four age groups were investigated (teenagers: 10-19 years; young adults: 20-39 years; middle-aged: 40-59 years; elderly: 60 years). Each group included 10 subjects (5 males and 5 females). Nocturnal recordings were accomplished after adaptation to the sleep laboratory that also served to rule out the presence of sleep-related disorders. The study indicated that CAP is a natural phenomenon of NREM sleep, with specific age-related characteristics across the life cycle. Results: CAP rate in NREM sleep, defined as the percentage ratio of total CAP time to total NREM sleep time, showed a U-shape profile with minimum in young adults (31.9%), maximum in the elderly group (55.3%), and intermediate values in teenagers (43.4%) and in middle-aged subjects (37.5%). The longest duration of CAP cycles was found among the older subjects (31 s). The highest amounts of subtypes A1 were identified in teenagers (n = 261), while the highest amounts of A2 and A3 subtypes occurred in the elderly group (n = 183). Across the ages, the level of arousal mostly fluctuated in stages 1 and 3, whereas stage 4 emerged as the most stable NREM stage. Overall, stage 2 better reflected the CAP values referred to as total NREM sleep. Conclusions: The periodic arousal fluctuations reflected by CAP are a natural phenomenon of NREM sleep with specific age-related variations across the life cycle.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 439-450 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology |
| Volume | 107 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 1 1998 |
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Keywords
- Aging
- Cyclic alternating pattern
- Polysomnography
- Sleep
- Sleep arousal
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Clinical Neurology
- Neuroscience(all)
Cite this
Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) in normal sleep : Polysomnographic parameters in different age groups. / Parrino, Liborio; Boselli, Mirella; Spaggiari, Maria Cristina; Smerieri, Arianna; Terzano, Mario Giovanni.
In: Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 107, No. 6, 01.12.1998, p. 439-450.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) in normal sleep
T2 - Polysomnographic parameters in different age groups
AU - Parrino, Liborio
AU - Boselli, Mirella
AU - Spaggiari, Maria Cristina
AU - Smerieri, Arianna
AU - Terzano, Mario Giovanni
PY - 1998/12/1
Y1 - 1998/12/1
N2 - Objectives: The present study aimed at offering a standerized database for cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) parameters across representative ages of life. Methods: CAP parameters were quantified in 40 healthy sleepers and polygraphically investigated in a partially sound-proof recording chamber under a standard laboratory setting. Four age groups were investigated (teenagers: 10-19 years; young adults: 20-39 years; middle-aged: 40-59 years; elderly: 60 years). Each group included 10 subjects (5 males and 5 females). Nocturnal recordings were accomplished after adaptation to the sleep laboratory that also served to rule out the presence of sleep-related disorders. The study indicated that CAP is a natural phenomenon of NREM sleep, with specific age-related characteristics across the life cycle. Results: CAP rate in NREM sleep, defined as the percentage ratio of total CAP time to total NREM sleep time, showed a U-shape profile with minimum in young adults (31.9%), maximum in the elderly group (55.3%), and intermediate values in teenagers (43.4%) and in middle-aged subjects (37.5%). The longest duration of CAP cycles was found among the older subjects (31 s). The highest amounts of subtypes A1 were identified in teenagers (n = 261), while the highest amounts of A2 and A3 subtypes occurred in the elderly group (n = 183). Across the ages, the level of arousal mostly fluctuated in stages 1 and 3, whereas stage 4 emerged as the most stable NREM stage. Overall, stage 2 better reflected the CAP values referred to as total NREM sleep. Conclusions: The periodic arousal fluctuations reflected by CAP are a natural phenomenon of NREM sleep with specific age-related variations across the life cycle.
AB - Objectives: The present study aimed at offering a standerized database for cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) parameters across representative ages of life. Methods: CAP parameters were quantified in 40 healthy sleepers and polygraphically investigated in a partially sound-proof recording chamber under a standard laboratory setting. Four age groups were investigated (teenagers: 10-19 years; young adults: 20-39 years; middle-aged: 40-59 years; elderly: 60 years). Each group included 10 subjects (5 males and 5 females). Nocturnal recordings were accomplished after adaptation to the sleep laboratory that also served to rule out the presence of sleep-related disorders. The study indicated that CAP is a natural phenomenon of NREM sleep, with specific age-related characteristics across the life cycle. Results: CAP rate in NREM sleep, defined as the percentage ratio of total CAP time to total NREM sleep time, showed a U-shape profile with minimum in young adults (31.9%), maximum in the elderly group (55.3%), and intermediate values in teenagers (43.4%) and in middle-aged subjects (37.5%). The longest duration of CAP cycles was found among the older subjects (31 s). The highest amounts of subtypes A1 were identified in teenagers (n = 261), while the highest amounts of A2 and A3 subtypes occurred in the elderly group (n = 183). Across the ages, the level of arousal mostly fluctuated in stages 1 and 3, whereas stage 4 emerged as the most stable NREM stage. Overall, stage 2 better reflected the CAP values referred to as total NREM sleep. Conclusions: The periodic arousal fluctuations reflected by CAP are a natural phenomenon of NREM sleep with specific age-related variations across the life cycle.
KW - Aging
KW - Cyclic alternating pattern
KW - Polysomnography
KW - Sleep
KW - Sleep arousal
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032424685&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0032424685&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0013-4694(98)00108-4
DO - 10.1016/S0013-4694(98)00108-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 9922091
AN - SCOPUS:0032424685
VL - 107
SP - 439
EP - 450
JO - Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
JF - Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
SN - 0013-4694
IS - 6
ER -