TY - JOUR
T1 - Cyclic tensile stress of human annulus fibrosus cells induces MAPK activation
T2 - Involvement in proinflammatory gene expression
AU - Pratsinis, Harris
AU - Papadopoulou, A.
AU - Neidlinger-Wilke, Cornelia
AU - Brayda-Bruno, M.
AU - Wilke, Hans Joachim
AU - Kletsas, Dimitri
PY - 2016/4/1
Y1 - 2016/4/1
N2 - Objective: To study the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in human annulus fibrosus (AF) cells subjected to cyclic tensile stress (CTS). Design: An in vitro system for CTS studies was established using AF cultures on fibronectin-coated silicone dishes. MAPK phosphorylation was studied by western analysis, while gene expression was followed by qRT-PCR. DNA synthesis was assessed by both tritiated thymidine incorporation and flow cytometry, and collagen synthesis using tritiated proline incorporation and the protease-free collagenase method. Results: All three MAPKs studied, i.e., ERK, SAPK/JNK, and p38 were found to be phosphorylated immediately after CTS application within physiological range. A second wave of phosphorylation appeared at later time points. MAPK activation was elevated at higher CTS magnitudes, but independent of the frequency. CTS did not stimulate DNA synthesis neither extracellular matrix turnover, but it stimulated the proinflammatory genes, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-8. This stimulation was more intense at the highest magnitude (8%) tested and at the median frequency (1 Hz) and time interval (12 h). Blocking of ERK, SAPK/JNK, and p38 MAPK inhibited the CTS-induced stimulation of COX-2 and IL-8, while IL-6 expression was mediated only by SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK. Conclusions: We have described for the first time the activation of MAPKs in human AF cells in response to CTS and showed that it drives an inflammatory reaction. These observations shed light on the mechanisms of intervertebral disc (IVD) cell responses to mechanical stress, contributing to the understanding of disc pathophysiology and possibly to the design of novel therapeutic interventions.
AB - Objective: To study the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in human annulus fibrosus (AF) cells subjected to cyclic tensile stress (CTS). Design: An in vitro system for CTS studies was established using AF cultures on fibronectin-coated silicone dishes. MAPK phosphorylation was studied by western analysis, while gene expression was followed by qRT-PCR. DNA synthesis was assessed by both tritiated thymidine incorporation and flow cytometry, and collagen synthesis using tritiated proline incorporation and the protease-free collagenase method. Results: All three MAPKs studied, i.e., ERK, SAPK/JNK, and p38 were found to be phosphorylated immediately after CTS application within physiological range. A second wave of phosphorylation appeared at later time points. MAPK activation was elevated at higher CTS magnitudes, but independent of the frequency. CTS did not stimulate DNA synthesis neither extracellular matrix turnover, but it stimulated the proinflammatory genes, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-8. This stimulation was more intense at the highest magnitude (8%) tested and at the median frequency (1 Hz) and time interval (12 h). Blocking of ERK, SAPK/JNK, and p38 MAPK inhibited the CTS-induced stimulation of COX-2 and IL-8, while IL-6 expression was mediated only by SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK. Conclusions: We have described for the first time the activation of MAPKs in human AF cells in response to CTS and showed that it drives an inflammatory reaction. These observations shed light on the mechanisms of intervertebral disc (IVD) cell responses to mechanical stress, contributing to the understanding of disc pathophysiology and possibly to the design of novel therapeutic interventions.
KW - Annulus fibrosus
KW - Cyclic tensile stress
KW - Cyclooxygenase-2
KW - Interleukin-6
KW - Interleukin-8
KW - Mitogen-activated protein kinase
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U2 - 10.1016/j.joca.2015.11.022
DO - 10.1016/j.joca.2015.11.022
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84960386200
VL - 24
SP - 679
EP - 687
JO - Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
JF - Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
SN - 1063-4584
IS - 4
ER -