Abstract
Lung morpho-functional alterations and inflammatory response to various types of mechanical ventilation (MV) have been assessed in normal, anesthetized, openchest rats. Measurements were taken during protective MV [tidal volume (VT) = 8 ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) = 2.6 cmH2O] before and after a 2- to 2.5-h period of ventilation on PEEP (control group), zero EEP without (ZEEP group) or with administration of dioctylsodiumsulfosuccinate (ZEEP-DOSS group), on negative EEP (NEEP group), or with large VT (26 ml/kg) on PEEP (Hi-VT group). No change in lung mechanics occurred in the Control group. Relative to the initial period of MV on PEEP, airway resistance increased by 33 ± 4, 49 ± 9, 573 ± 84, and 13 ± 4%, and quasi-static elastance by 19 ± 3, 35 ± 7, 248 ± 12, and 20 ± 3% in the ZEEP, NEEP, ZEEP-DOSS, and Hi-VT groups. Relative to Control, all groups ventilated from low lung volumes exhibited histologic signs of bronchiolar injury, more marked in the NEEP and ZEEP-DOSS groups. Parenchymal and vascular injury occurred in the ZEEP-DOSS and Hi-VT groups. Pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was similar in the Control and ZEEP group, but increased in all other groups, and higher in the ZEEP-DOSS and Hi-VT groups. Interrupter resistance was correlated with indexes of bronchiolar damage, and cytokine levels with vascular-alveolar damage, as indexed by lung wet-to-dry ratio. Hence, protective MV from resting lung volume causes mechanical alterations and small airway injury, but no cytokine release, which seems mainly related to stress-related damage of endothelial-alveolar cells. Enhanced small airway epithelial damage with induced surfactant dysfunction or MV on NEEP can, however, contribute to cytokine production.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 41-49 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Journal of Applied Physiology |
Volume | 104 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jan 2008 |
Keywords
- Inflammation
- Lung mechanics
- Microvascular damage
- Recruitment-derecruitment of lung units
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physiology
- Endocrinology
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
- Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation