Defective protein kinase C α leads to impaired secretion of soluble β-amyloid precursor protein from Alzheimer's disease fibroblasts

The present study shows that cultured fibroblasts from sporadic AD patients present: a) reduced (-30%) cytosolic protein kinase C (PKC) activity; b) increased K(D) of phorbol ester binding (+94%) in cytosolic fractions; c) reduced (-30%) soluble protein kinase Cα immunoreactivity; d) lower (-27.5%) basal soluble APP secretion and e) reduced soluble APP secretion in response to low phorbol ester concentrations (over threefold difference using 9 nM phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate-PdBu). Since the PKC-stimulated secretion of APP leads to the cleavage of the precursor within the amyloidogenic β-A4 fragment, the reduced PKC activity in AD patients may lead to accumulation of potentially amyloidogenic or toxic APP fragments. A defect in the secretion of soluble amyloid β-protein precursor is indeed suggested by literature data on familial AD fibroblasts as well as by the reported results.