Detection rate of¹⁸ F-labeled PSMA PET/CT in biochemical recurrent prostate cancer: A systematic review and a meta-analysis

Background: The use of radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) for biochemical recurrent prostate cancer (BRPCa) is increasing worldwide. Recently,¹⁸ F-labeled PSMA agents have become available. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the detection rate (DR) of¹⁸ F-labeled PSMA PET/CT in BRPCa to provide evidence-based data in this setting. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases through 23 April 2019 was performed. Pooled DR was calculated on a per-patient basis, with pooled proportion and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Furthermore, pooled DR of¹⁸ F-PSMA PET/CT using different cut-off values of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was obtained. Results: Six articles (645 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled DR of¹⁸ F-labeled PSMA PET/CT in BRPCa was 81% (95% CI: 71–88%). The pooled DR was 86% for PSA ≥ 0.5 ng/mL (95% CI: 78–93%) and 49% for PSA < 0.5 ng/mL (95% CI: 23–74%). Statistical heterogeneity was found. Conclusions:¹⁸ F-labeled PSMA PET/CT demonstrated a good DR in BRPCa. DR of¹⁸ F-labeled PSMA PET/CT is related to PSA values with significant lower DR in patients with PSA < 0.5 ng/mL. Prospective multicentric trials are needed to confirm these findings.