Abstract
The development of layer I was studied in the human frontal cortex from 21 weeks of gestation (GW) to 2.5 postnatal months in series of adjacent sections processed for thionin staining, Bodian silver staining, and immunocytochemical labeling of neurons and glia. In addition, the terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to label in situ DNA fragmentation. A progressive decrease of cell density and the disappearance of the subpial granular layer (SGL) appeared as distinctive developmental features of human layer I, consistently with previous investigations. The neuronal antigen microtubule-associated protein2 was found to label preferentially Cajal-Retzius cells and dendritic processes extending from the cortical plate. At midgestation, the calcium binding protein calretinin stained in the marginal zone numerous neurons, including the Cajal-Retzius cells and their processes. Calretinin-immunoreactive neurons decreased during the subsequent maturation: such decline was abrupt in the SGL, whereas bipolar calretinin-immunopositive cells accumulated in the inner marginal zone to be presumably incorporated into the cortical plate. Cajal-Retzius cells expressed calretinin throughout the examined developmental stages. The glial antigen vimentin was already expressed at midgestation, and vimentin immunopositivity decreased progressively in cell bodies and fibers of layer I during development. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive elements gradually matured, and the positive cell bodies displayed the features of mature astrocytes at the end of gestation. Moreover, a decrease of free glial cells was observed in layer I, suggesting their progressive incorporation into the cortical plate. TUNEL-positive cells were detected at midgestation in the marginal zone, and they were concentrated in the SGL until its disappearance; their number decreased dramatically throughout layer I after 30 gestational weeks. TUNEL-positive nuclei or regressive changes were not detected in Cajal-Retzius cells throughout the examined developmental stages. Thus, our data point out that naturally occurring cell death is an active mechanism contributing to the disappearance of the SGL but not to the subsequent developmental reshaping of human layer I, in which, instead, migratory phenomena should play a major role. In addition, our findings argue against a disappearance of Cajal-Retzius cells due to regressive processes.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 126-142 |
| Number of pages | 17 |
| Journal | Journal of Comparative Neurology |
| Volume | 410 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jul 19 1999 |
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Keywords
- Apoptosis
- Cajal-Retzius cells
- Calretinin
- Glial cells
- Microtubule- associated proteins
- Vimentin
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Neuroscience(all)
Cite this
Development of layer I of the human cerebral cortex after midgestation : Architectonic findings, immunocytochemical identification of neurons and glia, and in situ labeling of apoptotic cells. / Spreafico, Roberto; Arcelli, Paola; Frassoni, Carolina; Canetti, Paolo; Giaccone, Giorgio; Rizzuti, Tommaso; Mastrangelo, Massimo; Bentivoglio, Marina.
In: Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 410, No. 1, 19.07.1999, p. 126-142.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Development of layer I of the human cerebral cortex after midgestation
T2 - Architectonic findings, immunocytochemical identification of neurons and glia, and in situ labeling of apoptotic cells
AU - Spreafico, Roberto
AU - Arcelli, Paola
AU - Frassoni, Carolina
AU - Canetti, Paolo
AU - Giaccone, Giorgio
AU - Rizzuti, Tommaso
AU - Mastrangelo, Massimo
AU - Bentivoglio, Marina
PY - 1999/7/19
Y1 - 1999/7/19
N2 - The development of layer I was studied in the human frontal cortex from 21 weeks of gestation (GW) to 2.5 postnatal months in series of adjacent sections processed for thionin staining, Bodian silver staining, and immunocytochemical labeling of neurons and glia. In addition, the terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to label in situ DNA fragmentation. A progressive decrease of cell density and the disappearance of the subpial granular layer (SGL) appeared as distinctive developmental features of human layer I, consistently with previous investigations. The neuronal antigen microtubule-associated protein2 was found to label preferentially Cajal-Retzius cells and dendritic processes extending from the cortical plate. At midgestation, the calcium binding protein calretinin stained in the marginal zone numerous neurons, including the Cajal-Retzius cells and their processes. Calretinin-immunoreactive neurons decreased during the subsequent maturation: such decline was abrupt in the SGL, whereas bipolar calretinin-immunopositive cells accumulated in the inner marginal zone to be presumably incorporated into the cortical plate. Cajal-Retzius cells expressed calretinin throughout the examined developmental stages. The glial antigen vimentin was already expressed at midgestation, and vimentin immunopositivity decreased progressively in cell bodies and fibers of layer I during development. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive elements gradually matured, and the positive cell bodies displayed the features of mature astrocytes at the end of gestation. Moreover, a decrease of free glial cells was observed in layer I, suggesting their progressive incorporation into the cortical plate. TUNEL-positive cells were detected at midgestation in the marginal zone, and they were concentrated in the SGL until its disappearance; their number decreased dramatically throughout layer I after 30 gestational weeks. TUNEL-positive nuclei or regressive changes were not detected in Cajal-Retzius cells throughout the examined developmental stages. Thus, our data point out that naturally occurring cell death is an active mechanism contributing to the disappearance of the SGL but not to the subsequent developmental reshaping of human layer I, in which, instead, migratory phenomena should play a major role. In addition, our findings argue against a disappearance of Cajal-Retzius cells due to regressive processes.
AB - The development of layer I was studied in the human frontal cortex from 21 weeks of gestation (GW) to 2.5 postnatal months in series of adjacent sections processed for thionin staining, Bodian silver staining, and immunocytochemical labeling of neurons and glia. In addition, the terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to label in situ DNA fragmentation. A progressive decrease of cell density and the disappearance of the subpial granular layer (SGL) appeared as distinctive developmental features of human layer I, consistently with previous investigations. The neuronal antigen microtubule-associated protein2 was found to label preferentially Cajal-Retzius cells and dendritic processes extending from the cortical plate. At midgestation, the calcium binding protein calretinin stained in the marginal zone numerous neurons, including the Cajal-Retzius cells and their processes. Calretinin-immunoreactive neurons decreased during the subsequent maturation: such decline was abrupt in the SGL, whereas bipolar calretinin-immunopositive cells accumulated in the inner marginal zone to be presumably incorporated into the cortical plate. Cajal-Retzius cells expressed calretinin throughout the examined developmental stages. The glial antigen vimentin was already expressed at midgestation, and vimentin immunopositivity decreased progressively in cell bodies and fibers of layer I during development. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive elements gradually matured, and the positive cell bodies displayed the features of mature astrocytes at the end of gestation. Moreover, a decrease of free glial cells was observed in layer I, suggesting their progressive incorporation into the cortical plate. TUNEL-positive cells were detected at midgestation in the marginal zone, and they were concentrated in the SGL until its disappearance; their number decreased dramatically throughout layer I after 30 gestational weeks. TUNEL-positive nuclei or regressive changes were not detected in Cajal-Retzius cells throughout the examined developmental stages. Thus, our data point out that naturally occurring cell death is an active mechanism contributing to the disappearance of the SGL but not to the subsequent developmental reshaping of human layer I, in which, instead, migratory phenomena should play a major role. In addition, our findings argue against a disappearance of Cajal-Retzius cells due to regressive processes.
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Cajal-Retzius cells
KW - Calretinin
KW - Glial cells
KW - Microtubule- associated proteins
KW - Vimentin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0033584244&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0033584244&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990719)410:1<126::AID-CNE11>3.0.CO;2-5
DO - 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990719)410:1<126::AID-CNE11>3.0.CO;2-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 10397400
AN - SCOPUS:0033584244
VL - 410
SP - 126
EP - 142
JO - Journal of Comparative Neurology
JF - Journal of Comparative Neurology
SN - 0021-9967
IS - 1
ER -