Abstract
Background: Certain types of carbohydrates increase glucose and insulin levels to a greater extent than others. In turn, insulin may raise levels of insulin-like growth factors, which may influence breast cancer risk. We analyzed the effect of type and amount of carbohydrates on breast cancer risk, using the glycemic index and the glycemic load measures in a large case-control study conducted in Italy. Patients and methods: Cases were 2569 women with incident, histologically-confirmed breast cancer interviewed between 1991 and 1994. Controls were 2588 women admitted to the same hospital network for a variety of acute, non-neoplastic conditions. Average daily glycemic index and glycemic load were calculated from a validated 78-item food frequency questionnaire. Results: Direct associations with breast cancer risk emerged for glycemic index (odds ratio, OR for highest vs. lowest quintile = 1.4; P for trend <0.01) and glycemic load (OR = 1.3; P <0.01). High glycemic index foods, such as white bread, increased the risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.3) while the intake of pasta, a medium glycemic index food, seemed to have no influence (OR = 1.0). Findings were consistent across different strata of menopausal status, alcohol intake, and physical activity level. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis of moderate, direct associations between glycemic index or glycemic load and breast cancer risk and, consequently, a possible role of hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance in breast cancer development.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1533-1538 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Annals of Oncology |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue number | 11 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2001 |
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Keywords
- Breast cancer
- Carbohydrate
- Case-control study
- Glycemic load
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Cancer Research
Cite this
Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load, and breast cancer risk : A case-control study. / Augustin, L. S A; Maso, L. Dal; Vecchia, C. La; Parpinel, M.; Negri, E.; Vaccarella, S.; Kendall, C. W C; Jenkins, D. J A; Franceschi, S.
In: Annals of Oncology, Vol. 12, No. 11, 2001, p. 1533-1538.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load, and breast cancer risk
T2 - A case-control study
AU - Augustin, L. S A
AU - Maso, L. Dal
AU - Vecchia, C. La
AU - Parpinel, M.
AU - Negri, E.
AU - Vaccarella, S.
AU - Kendall, C. W C
AU - Jenkins, D. J A
AU - Franceschi, S.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Background: Certain types of carbohydrates increase glucose and insulin levels to a greater extent than others. In turn, insulin may raise levels of insulin-like growth factors, which may influence breast cancer risk. We analyzed the effect of type and amount of carbohydrates on breast cancer risk, using the glycemic index and the glycemic load measures in a large case-control study conducted in Italy. Patients and methods: Cases were 2569 women with incident, histologically-confirmed breast cancer interviewed between 1991 and 1994. Controls were 2588 women admitted to the same hospital network for a variety of acute, non-neoplastic conditions. Average daily glycemic index and glycemic load were calculated from a validated 78-item food frequency questionnaire. Results: Direct associations with breast cancer risk emerged for glycemic index (odds ratio, OR for highest vs. lowest quintile = 1.4; P for trend <0.01) and glycemic load (OR = 1.3; P <0.01). High glycemic index foods, such as white bread, increased the risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.3) while the intake of pasta, a medium glycemic index food, seemed to have no influence (OR = 1.0). Findings were consistent across different strata of menopausal status, alcohol intake, and physical activity level. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis of moderate, direct associations between glycemic index or glycemic load and breast cancer risk and, consequently, a possible role of hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance in breast cancer development.
AB - Background: Certain types of carbohydrates increase glucose and insulin levels to a greater extent than others. In turn, insulin may raise levels of insulin-like growth factors, which may influence breast cancer risk. We analyzed the effect of type and amount of carbohydrates on breast cancer risk, using the glycemic index and the glycemic load measures in a large case-control study conducted in Italy. Patients and methods: Cases were 2569 women with incident, histologically-confirmed breast cancer interviewed between 1991 and 1994. Controls were 2588 women admitted to the same hospital network for a variety of acute, non-neoplastic conditions. Average daily glycemic index and glycemic load were calculated from a validated 78-item food frequency questionnaire. Results: Direct associations with breast cancer risk emerged for glycemic index (odds ratio, OR for highest vs. lowest quintile = 1.4; P for trend <0.01) and glycemic load (OR = 1.3; P <0.01). High glycemic index foods, such as white bread, increased the risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.3) while the intake of pasta, a medium glycemic index food, seemed to have no influence (OR = 1.0). Findings were consistent across different strata of menopausal status, alcohol intake, and physical activity level. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis of moderate, direct associations between glycemic index or glycemic load and breast cancer risk and, consequently, a possible role of hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance in breast cancer development.
KW - Breast cancer
KW - Carbohydrate
KW - Case-control study
KW - Glycemic load
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0035692786&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0035692786&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1023/A:1013176129380
DO - 10.1023/A:1013176129380
M3 - Article
C2 - 11822751
AN - SCOPUS:0035692786
VL - 12
SP - 1533
EP - 1538
JO - Annals of Oncology
JF - Annals of Oncology
SN - 0923-7534
IS - 11
ER -