Digital dental cast placement in 3-dimensional, full-face reconstruction: A technical evaluation

Introduction: Several noninvasive methods are used for 3-dimensional (3D) morphologic facial and dental analysis to aid practitioners during diagnosis and treatment planning. Integrating dental and facial noninvasive 3D reproduction could improve the efficacy of treatment management. Methods: Dental virtual model and soft-tissue facial morphology were digitally integrated from 11 adults with a 3D stereophotogrammetric imaging system (Vectra, Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ). The digital 3D coordinates of 3 facial landmarks (N, nasion; Ftr, frontotemporale right; Ftl, frontotemporale left) and 3 dental landmarks (I, interincisor; Pr, PI, tips of the mesiovestibular cusps of the right and left first permanent premolars) were then obtained by using Vectra's software. Additionally, the coordinates of the same 6 landmarks were digitized directly on each subject by using a 3D computerized electromagnetic digitizer (in vivo). Seven linear measurements were made between the occlusal plane (Pr-I-Pl) and the facial landmarks (Ftr-N-Ftl). The accuracy and reliability of the reconstruction were tested by in-vivo measurements and repeated acquisitions. Results: The greatest mean relative error of measurements was smaller than 1.2%. No significant differences in repeatable reproductions were found. Conclusions: Integration of facial stereophotogrammetry acquisition and dental laser scan reproduction is possible with marginal error.