TY - JOUR
T1 - Drug distribution and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
AU - Fogli, S.
AU - Danesi, R.
AU - Braud, F. De
AU - Pas, T. De
AU - Curigliano, G.
AU - Giovannetti, E.
AU - Tacca, M. Del
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Background: Gemcitabine and paclitaxel are two of the most active agents in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and pharmacologic investigation of the combination regimens including these drugs may offer a valuable opportunity in treatment optimization. The present study investigates the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paclitaxel and gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced NSCLC within a phase I study. Patients and methods: Patients were given i.v. paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 by one-hour infusion followed by gemcitabine 1500, 1750 and 2000 mg/m2 by 30-min administration. Plasma levels of paclitaxel, gemcitabine and its metabolite 2′,2′-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentration-time curves were modeled by compartmental and non-compartmental methods and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships were fitted according to a sigmoid maximum effect (Emax) model. Results: Paclitaxel pharmacokinetics did not change as a result of dosage escalation of gemcitabine from 1500 to 2000 mg/m2. A nonproportional increase in gemcitabine peak plasma levels (Cmax, from 18.56 ± 4.94 to 40.85 ± 14.85 μg/ml) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC, from 9.99 ± 2.75 to 25.01 ± 9.87 h·μg/ml) at 1500 and 2000 mg/m2, respectively, was observed, suggesting the occurrence of saturation kinetics at higher doses. A significant relationship between neutropenia and time of paclitaxel plasma levels ≥ 0.05 μmol/l was observed, with a predicted time of 10.4 h to decrease cell count by 50%. A correlation was also observed between percentage reduction of platelet count and gemcitabine Cmax, with a predicted effective concentration to induce a 50% decrease of 14.3 μg/ml. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the lack of interaction between drugs, the nonproportional pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine at higher doses and the Emax relationship of paclitaxel and gemcitabine with neutrophil and platelet counts, respectively. In addition, gemcitabine 1500 mg/m2 is the recommended dosage in combination with paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 for future phase II studies, due to its predictable kinetic behaviour and less severe thrombocytopenia than expected.
AB - Background: Gemcitabine and paclitaxel are two of the most active agents in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and pharmacologic investigation of the combination regimens including these drugs may offer a valuable opportunity in treatment optimization. The present study investigates the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paclitaxel and gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced NSCLC within a phase I study. Patients and methods: Patients were given i.v. paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 by one-hour infusion followed by gemcitabine 1500, 1750 and 2000 mg/m2 by 30-min administration. Plasma levels of paclitaxel, gemcitabine and its metabolite 2′,2′-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Concentration-time curves were modeled by compartmental and non-compartmental methods and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships were fitted according to a sigmoid maximum effect (Emax) model. Results: Paclitaxel pharmacokinetics did not change as a result of dosage escalation of gemcitabine from 1500 to 2000 mg/m2. A nonproportional increase in gemcitabine peak plasma levels (Cmax, from 18.56 ± 4.94 to 40.85 ± 14.85 μg/ml) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC, from 9.99 ± 2.75 to 25.01 ± 9.87 h·μg/ml) at 1500 and 2000 mg/m2, respectively, was observed, suggesting the occurrence of saturation kinetics at higher doses. A significant relationship between neutropenia and time of paclitaxel plasma levels ≥ 0.05 μmol/l was observed, with a predicted time of 10.4 h to decrease cell count by 50%. A correlation was also observed between percentage reduction of platelet count and gemcitabine Cmax, with a predicted effective concentration to induce a 50% decrease of 14.3 μg/ml. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the lack of interaction between drugs, the nonproportional pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine at higher doses and the Emax relationship of paclitaxel and gemcitabine with neutrophil and platelet counts, respectively. In addition, gemcitabine 1500 mg/m2 is the recommended dosage in combination with paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 for future phase II studies, due to its predictable kinetic behaviour and less severe thrombocytopenia than expected.
KW - Bone marrow
KW - Drug combination
KW - Metabolism
KW - Pharmacologic interaction
KW - Toxicity
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U2 - 10.1023/A:1013133415945
DO - 10.1023/A:1013133415945
M3 - Article
C2 - 11822754
AN - SCOPUS:0035690123
VL - 12
SP - 1553
EP - 1559
JO - Annals of Oncology
JF - Annals of Oncology
SN - 0923-7534
IS - 11
ER -