TY - JOUR
T1 - Dynamic high-resolution ultrasound of intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments of the wrist
T2 - How to make it simple
AU - Gitto, Salvatore
AU - Messina, Carmelo
AU - Mauri, Giovanni
AU - Aliprandi, Alberto
AU - Sardanelli, Francesco
AU - Sconfienza, Luca Maria
PY - 2017/2/1
Y1 - 2017/2/1
N2 - Wrist ligaments are crucial structures for the maintenance of carpal stability. They are classified into extrinsic ligaments, connecting the carpus with the forearm bones or distal radioulnar ligaments, and intrinsic ligaments, entirely situated within the carpus. Lesions of intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments of the wrist have been demonstrated to occur largely, mostly in patients with history of trauma and carpal instability, or rheumatoid arthritis. Ultrasound allows for rapid, cost-effective, non-invasive and dynamic evaluation of the wrist, and may represent a valuable diagnostic tool. Although promising results have been published, ultrasound of wrist ligaments is not performed in routine clinical practice, maybe due to its technical feasibility regarded as quite complex. This review article aims to enlighten readers about the normal sonographic appearance of intrinsic and extrinsic carpal ligaments, and describe a systematic approach for their sonographic assessment with detailed anatomic landmarks, dynamic manoeuvres and scanning technique.
AB - Wrist ligaments are crucial structures for the maintenance of carpal stability. They are classified into extrinsic ligaments, connecting the carpus with the forearm bones or distal radioulnar ligaments, and intrinsic ligaments, entirely situated within the carpus. Lesions of intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments of the wrist have been demonstrated to occur largely, mostly in patients with history of trauma and carpal instability, or rheumatoid arthritis. Ultrasound allows for rapid, cost-effective, non-invasive and dynamic evaluation of the wrist, and may represent a valuable diagnostic tool. Although promising results have been published, ultrasound of wrist ligaments is not performed in routine clinical practice, maybe due to its technical feasibility regarded as quite complex. This review article aims to enlighten readers about the normal sonographic appearance of intrinsic and extrinsic carpal ligaments, and describe a systematic approach for their sonographic assessment with detailed anatomic landmarks, dynamic manoeuvres and scanning technique.
KW - Ligaments
KW - Musculoskeletal imaging
KW - Ultrasound
KW - Wrist
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85002920935&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85002920935&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.12.002
DO - 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.12.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28065372
AN - SCOPUS:85002920935
VL - 87
SP - 20
EP - 35
JO - European Journal of Radiology
JF - European Journal of Radiology
SN - 0720-048X
ER -