Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the effect of a calcium hydroxide (CH) paste (CleaniCal®) containing N-2-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as a vehicle on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms compared with other products containing saline (Calasept Plus™) or propylene glycol (PG) (Calcipex II®).
METHODOLOGY: Standardized bovine root canal specimens were used. The antibacterial effects were measured by colony-forming unit counting. The thickness of bacterial microcolonies and exopolysaccharides was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Morphological features of the biofilms were observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Bovine tooth blocks covered with nail polish were immersed into the vehicles and dispelling was observed. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (p<0.05).
RESULTS: CleaniCal® showed the highest antibacterial activity, followed by Calcipex II® (p<0.05). Moreover, NMP showed a higher antibacterial effect compared with PG (p<0.05). The thickness of bacteria and EPS in the CleaniCal® group was significantly lower than that of other materials tested (p<0.05). FE-SEM images showed the specimens treated with Calasept Plus™ were covered with biofilms, whereas the specimens treated with other medicaments were not. Notably, the specimen treated with CleaniCal® was cleaner than the one treated with Calcipex II®. Furthermore, the nail polish on the bovine tooth block immersed in NMP was completely dispelled.
CONCLUSIONS: CleaniCal® performed better than Calasept Plus™ and Calcipex II® in the removal efficacy of E. faecalis biofilms. The results suggest the effect might be due to the potent dissolving effect of NMP on organic substances.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | e20190516 |
Journal | Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB |
Volume | 28 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2020 |
Keywords
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Biofilms/drug effects
- Calcium Chloride/chemistry
- Calcium Hydroxide/chemistry
- Cattle
- Colony Count, Microbial
- Drug Combinations
- Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects
- Materials Testing
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Potassium Chloride/chemistry
- Pyrrolidinones/chemistry
- Reproducibility of Results
- Root Canal Irrigants/chemistry
- Sodium Bicarbonate/chemistry
- Sodium Chloride/chemistry
- Statistics, Nonparametric