TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of proinflammatory gene polymorphisms on the risk of Alzheimer's disease
AU - Flex, Andrea
AU - Giovannini, Silvia
AU - Biscetti, Federico
AU - Liperoti, Rosa
AU - Spalletta, Gianfranco
AU - Straface, Giuseppe
AU - Landi, Francesco
AU - Angelini, Flavia
AU - Caltagirone, Carlo
AU - Ghirlanda, Giovanni
AU - Bernabei, Roberto
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Background: A number of studies associate Alzheimer's disease (AD) with APOE polymorphism and alleles which favor the increased expression of immunological mediators such as cytokines or acute-phase proteins. Objective: In this study we evaluated the distribution of a set of functionally important polymorphisms of genes encoding prototypical inflammatory molecules in individuals with AD. We also investigated whether a synergistic effect of these proinflammatory gene polymorphisms on the risk of AD could be hypothesized. Methods: In a genetic association study that included 533 AD patients and 713 controls, the following gene polymorphisms were analyzed: C-reactive protein (CRP) 1059 G/C, interleukin 6 (IL6) -174 G/C, interleukin 1β (IL1B) -31 T/C, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) -308 G/A, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) -173 G/C, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2) -2518 A/G, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) 469 E/K, E-selectin (SELE) Ser128Arg, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (CCL3) -906 T/A, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) -1171 5A/6A and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) -1562 C/T. Results: We found that IL6, IL1B, CCL2, CCL3, SELE, ICAM1, MMP3, and MMP9 gene polymorphisms were significantly and independently associated with AD. The association remained significant even after the Bonferroni correction. We also found that these proinflammatory polymorphisms were associated with different levels of risk for AD, depending on the number of high-risk genotypes concomitantly carried by a given individual. Conclusion: Proinflammatory genotypes might influence the development and progression of AD exerting a potential synergistic effect.
AB - Background: A number of studies associate Alzheimer's disease (AD) with APOE polymorphism and alleles which favor the increased expression of immunological mediators such as cytokines or acute-phase proteins. Objective: In this study we evaluated the distribution of a set of functionally important polymorphisms of genes encoding prototypical inflammatory molecules in individuals with AD. We also investigated whether a synergistic effect of these proinflammatory gene polymorphisms on the risk of AD could be hypothesized. Methods: In a genetic association study that included 533 AD patients and 713 controls, the following gene polymorphisms were analyzed: C-reactive protein (CRP) 1059 G/C, interleukin 6 (IL6) -174 G/C, interleukin 1β (IL1B) -31 T/C, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) -308 G/A, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) -173 G/C, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2) -2518 A/G, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) 469 E/K, E-selectin (SELE) Ser128Arg, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (CCL3) -906 T/A, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) -1171 5A/6A and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) -1562 C/T. Results: We found that IL6, IL1B, CCL2, CCL3, SELE, ICAM1, MMP3, and MMP9 gene polymorphisms were significantly and independently associated with AD. The association remained significant even after the Bonferroni correction. We also found that these proinflammatory polymorphisms were associated with different levels of risk for AD, depending on the number of high-risk genotypes concomitantly carried by a given individual. Conclusion: Proinflammatory genotypes might influence the development and progression of AD exerting a potential synergistic effect.
KW - Alzheimer's disease
KW - Gene polymorphism
KW - Inflammation
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U2 - 10.1159/000353395
DO - 10.1159/000353395
M3 - Article
C2 - 24022074
AN - SCOPUS:84899988726
VL - 13
SP - 230
EP - 236
JO - Neurodegenerative Diseases
JF - Neurodegenerative Diseases
SN - 1660-2854
IS - 4
ER -