TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of water composition and timing of ingestion on urinary lithogenic profile in healthy volunteers
T2 - a randomized crossover trial
AU - Ferraro, Pietro Manuel
AU - Baccaro, Rocco
AU - Baroni, Silvia
AU - D’Alessandri, Ludovica
AU - Carpenito, Claudio
AU - Di Daniele, Nicola
AU - Urbani, Andrea
AU - Gambaro, Giovanni
N1 - Funding Information:
The study was supported by BioHealth Italia, Turin, Italy (laboratory analysis) and Rocchetta, Gualdo, Italy (software for dietary assessment). Acknowledgements
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Italian Society of Nephrology.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Kidney stone disease is a common condition with a high recurrence rate and elevated costs. Despite the well-known positive effects of high fluid intake, there are little data about the roles of water composition and timing of ingestion during the day. This study examines the effect of two different waters [calcium-bicarbonate water (CBW) and oligomineral water (OW)] consumed at different times during the day on urine composition in a group of healthy volunteers. In a cross-over randomized trial, 12 healthy volunteers were assigned to a different sequence of four combined interventions (1 L of water consumed during fasting and 1 L of water consumed with meals): CBW/OW; OW/CBW; CBW/CBW; OW/OW. Participants were instructed to follow the same diet and to avoid smoking, caffeine and other beverages during the day of intervention, and to collect their urine every 2 h during the day, followed by a single overnight collection. The relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate was higher for CBW/CBW compared with all other interventions, while relative supersaturation for calcium phosphate was lower for the combination OW/CBW with meals. Urinary excretion of oxalate was lower in all interventions including CBW, while no significant differences were found for urinary calcium. Water composition and timing of ingestion have complex and interacting effects on lithogenic risk. Depending on individual characteristics, a strategy involving either OW or a mix of CBW during meals and OW outside of meals could be effective in modulating the lithogenic profile. Trial registered at clinicaltrial.gov: Protocol ID NCT03447847.
AB - Kidney stone disease is a common condition with a high recurrence rate and elevated costs. Despite the well-known positive effects of high fluid intake, there are little data about the roles of water composition and timing of ingestion during the day. This study examines the effect of two different waters [calcium-bicarbonate water (CBW) and oligomineral water (OW)] consumed at different times during the day on urine composition in a group of healthy volunteers. In a cross-over randomized trial, 12 healthy volunteers were assigned to a different sequence of four combined interventions (1 L of water consumed during fasting and 1 L of water consumed with meals): CBW/OW; OW/CBW; CBW/CBW; OW/OW. Participants were instructed to follow the same diet and to avoid smoking, caffeine and other beverages during the day of intervention, and to collect their urine every 2 h during the day, followed by a single overnight collection. The relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate was higher for CBW/CBW compared with all other interventions, while relative supersaturation for calcium phosphate was lower for the combination OW/CBW with meals. Urinary excretion of oxalate was lower in all interventions including CBW, while no significant differences were found for urinary calcium. Water composition and timing of ingestion have complex and interacting effects on lithogenic risk. Depending on individual characteristics, a strategy involving either OW or a mix of CBW during meals and OW outside of meals could be effective in modulating the lithogenic profile. Trial registered at clinicaltrial.gov: Protocol ID NCT03447847.
KW - Precision medicine
KW - Randomized controlled trials
KW - Urolithiasis
KW - Water consumption
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U2 - 10.1007/s40620-020-00769-2
DO - 10.1007/s40620-020-00769-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 32514990
AN - SCOPUS:85086129241
VL - 34
SP - 875
EP - 881
JO - Journal of Nephrology
JF - Journal of Nephrology
SN - 1121-8428
IS - 3
ER -