TY - JOUR
T1 - Effi cacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID)
T2 - An international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
AU - Demetri, George D.
AU - Reichardt, Peter
AU - Kang, Yoon Koo
AU - Blay, Jean Yves
AU - Rutkowski, Piotr
AU - Gelderblom, Hans
AU - Hohenberger, Peter
AU - Leahy, Michael
AU - Von Mehren, Margaret
AU - Joensuu, Heikki
AU - Badalamenti, Giuseppe
AU - Blackstein, Martin
AU - Le Cesne, Axel
AU - Ski, Patrick Schöff
AU - Maki, Robert G.
AU - Bauer, Sebastian
AU - Nguyen, Binh Bui
AU - Xu, Jianming
AU - Nishida, Toshirou
AU - Chung, John
AU - Kappeler, Christian
AU - Kuss, Iris
AU - Laurent, Dirk
AU - Casali, Paolo G.
PY - 2013/1
Y1 - 2013/1
N2 - Background Until now, only imatinib and sunitinib have proven clinical benefi t in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), but almost all metastatic GIST eventually develop resistance to these agents, resulting in fatal disease progression. We aimed to assess effi cacy and safety of regorafenib in patients with metastatic or unresectable GIST progressing after failure of at least imatinib and sunitinib. Methods We did this phase 3 trial at 57 hospitals in 17 countries. Patients with histologically confi rmed, metastatic or unresectable GIST, with failure of at least previous imatinib and sunitinib were randomised in a 2:1 ratio (by computergenerated randomisation list and interactive voice response system; preallocated block design (block size 12); stratifi ed by treatment line and geographical region) to receive either oral regorafenib 160 mg daily or placebo, plus best supportive care in both groups, for the fi rst 3 weeks of each 4 week cycle. The study sponsor, participants, and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). At disease progression, patients assigned placebo could crossover to open-label regorafenib. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01271712. Results From Jan 4, to Aug 18, 2011, 240 patients were screened and 199 were randomised to receive regorafenib (n=133) or matching placebo (n=66). Data cutoff was Jan 26, 2012. Median PFS per independent blinded central review was 4.8 months (IQR 1.4-9.2) for regorafenib and 0.9 months (0.9-1.8) for placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0.27, 95% CI 0.19-0.39; p7lt;0.0001). After progression, 56 patients (85%) assigned placebo crossed over to regorafenib. Drug-related adverse events were reported in 130 (98%) patients assigned regorafenib and 45 (68%) patients assigned placebo. The most common regorafenib-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher were hypertension (31 of 132, 23%), hand-foot skin reaction (26 of 132, 20%), and diarrhoea (seven of 132, 5%). Interpretation The results of this study show that oral regorafenib can provide a signifi cant improvement in progression-free survival compared with placebo in patients with metastatic GIST after progression on standard treatments. As far as we are aware, this is the fi rst clinical trial to show benefi t from a kinase inhibitor in this highly refractory population of patients.
AB - Background Until now, only imatinib and sunitinib have proven clinical benefi t in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), but almost all metastatic GIST eventually develop resistance to these agents, resulting in fatal disease progression. We aimed to assess effi cacy and safety of regorafenib in patients with metastatic or unresectable GIST progressing after failure of at least imatinib and sunitinib. Methods We did this phase 3 trial at 57 hospitals in 17 countries. Patients with histologically confi rmed, metastatic or unresectable GIST, with failure of at least previous imatinib and sunitinib were randomised in a 2:1 ratio (by computergenerated randomisation list and interactive voice response system; preallocated block design (block size 12); stratifi ed by treatment line and geographical region) to receive either oral regorafenib 160 mg daily or placebo, plus best supportive care in both groups, for the fi rst 3 weeks of each 4 week cycle. The study sponsor, participants, and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). At disease progression, patients assigned placebo could crossover to open-label regorafenib. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01271712. Results From Jan 4, to Aug 18, 2011, 240 patients were screened and 199 were randomised to receive regorafenib (n=133) or matching placebo (n=66). Data cutoff was Jan 26, 2012. Median PFS per independent blinded central review was 4.8 months (IQR 1.4-9.2) for regorafenib and 0.9 months (0.9-1.8) for placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0.27, 95% CI 0.19-0.39; p7lt;0.0001). After progression, 56 patients (85%) assigned placebo crossed over to regorafenib. Drug-related adverse events were reported in 130 (98%) patients assigned regorafenib and 45 (68%) patients assigned placebo. The most common regorafenib-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher were hypertension (31 of 132, 23%), hand-foot skin reaction (26 of 132, 20%), and diarrhoea (seven of 132, 5%). Interpretation The results of this study show that oral regorafenib can provide a signifi cant improvement in progression-free survival compared with placebo in patients with metastatic GIST after progression on standard treatments. As far as we are aware, this is the fi rst clinical trial to show benefi t from a kinase inhibitor in this highly refractory population of patients.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61857-1
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61857-1
M3 - Article
C2 - 23177515
AN - SCOPUS:84872892692
VL - 381
SP - 295
EP - 302
JO - The Lancet
JF - The Lancet
SN - 0140-6736
IS - 9863
ER -