TY - JOUR
T1 - Efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation, mental imagery, and phantom exercise training on phantom limb
T2 - A randomized controlled trial
AU - Brunelli, Stefano
AU - Morone, Giovanni
AU - Iosa, Marco
AU - Ciotti, Cristina
AU - De Giorgi, Roberto
AU - Foti, Calogero
AU - Traballesi, Marco
PY - 2015/2/1
Y1 - 2015/2/1
N2 - Objective To evaluate the reduction in phantom pain and sensation with combined training of progressive muscle relaxation, mental imagery, and phantom exercises. Design Randomized controlled prospective trial with 2 parallel groups. Setting Amputee unit of a rehabilitation hospital. Participants Subjects with unilateral lower limb amputation (N=51) with phantom limb pain (PLP) and/or phantom limb sensation (PLS). Interventions The experimental group performed combined training of progressive muscle relaxation, mental imagery, and phantom exercises 2 times/wk for 4 weeks, whereas the control group had the same amount of physical therapy dedicated to the residual limb. No pharmacological intervention was initiated during the trial period. Main Outcome Measures The Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire and the Brief Pain Inventory were used to evaluate changes over time in different aspects (intensity, rate, duration, and bother) of PLS and PLP. Blind evaluations were performed before and after treatment and after 1-month follow-up. Results The experimental group showed a significant decrease over time in all the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire domains (in terms of both PLS and PLP; P
AB - Objective To evaluate the reduction in phantom pain and sensation with combined training of progressive muscle relaxation, mental imagery, and phantom exercises. Design Randomized controlled prospective trial with 2 parallel groups. Setting Amputee unit of a rehabilitation hospital. Participants Subjects with unilateral lower limb amputation (N=51) with phantom limb pain (PLP) and/or phantom limb sensation (PLS). Interventions The experimental group performed combined training of progressive muscle relaxation, mental imagery, and phantom exercises 2 times/wk for 4 weeks, whereas the control group had the same amount of physical therapy dedicated to the residual limb. No pharmacological intervention was initiated during the trial period. Main Outcome Measures The Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire and the Brief Pain Inventory were used to evaluate changes over time in different aspects (intensity, rate, duration, and bother) of PLS and PLP. Blind evaluations were performed before and after treatment and after 1-month follow-up. Results The experimental group showed a significant decrease over time in all the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire domains (in terms of both PLS and PLP; P
KW - Amputation
KW - Chronic pain
KW - Phantom limb
KW - Rehabilitation
KW - Sensation
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U2 - 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.09.035
DO - 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.09.035
M3 - Article
C2 - 25450123
AN - SCOPUS:84921434812
VL - 96
SP - 181
EP - 187
JO - Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
JF - Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
SN - 0003-9993
IS - 2
ER -