TY - JOUR
T1 - Frailty
T2 - implications for clinical practice and public health
AU - Hoogendijk, Emiel O
AU - Afilalo, Jonathan
AU - Ensrud, Kristine E
AU - Kowal, Paul
AU - Onder, Graziano
AU - Fried, Linda P
N1 - Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/10/12
Y1 - 2019/10/12
N2 - Frailty is an emerging global health burden, with major implications for clinical practice and public health. The prevalence of frailty is expected to rise alongside rapid growth in the ageing population. The course of frailty is characterised by a decline in functioning across multiple physiological systems, accompanied by an increased vulnerability to stressors. Having frailty places a person at increased risk of adverse outcomes, including falls, hospitalisation, and mortality. Studies have shown a clear pattern of increased health-care costs and use associated with frailty. All older adults are at risk of developing frailty, although risk levels are substantially higher among those with comorbidities, low socioeconomic position, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyles. Lifestyle and clinical risk factors are potentially modifiable by specific interventions and preventive actions. The concept of frailty is increasingly being used in primary, acute, and specialist care. However, despite efforts over the past three decades, agreement on a standard instrument to identify frailty has not yet been achieved. In this Series paper, we provide an overview of the global impact and burden of frailty, the usefulness of the frailty concept in clinical practice, potential targets for frailty prevention, and directions that need to be explored in the future.
AB - Frailty is an emerging global health burden, with major implications for clinical practice and public health. The prevalence of frailty is expected to rise alongside rapid growth in the ageing population. The course of frailty is characterised by a decline in functioning across multiple physiological systems, accompanied by an increased vulnerability to stressors. Having frailty places a person at increased risk of adverse outcomes, including falls, hospitalisation, and mortality. Studies have shown a clear pattern of increased health-care costs and use associated with frailty. All older adults are at risk of developing frailty, although risk levels are substantially higher among those with comorbidities, low socioeconomic position, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyles. Lifestyle and clinical risk factors are potentially modifiable by specific interventions and preventive actions. The concept of frailty is increasingly being used in primary, acute, and specialist care. However, despite efforts over the past three decades, agreement on a standard instrument to identify frailty has not yet been achieved. In this Series paper, we provide an overview of the global impact and burden of frailty, the usefulness of the frailty concept in clinical practice, potential targets for frailty prevention, and directions that need to be explored in the future.
KW - Cost of Illness
KW - Frailty/epidemiology
KW - Humans
KW - Prevalence
KW - Public Health
U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31786-6
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31786-6
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31609228
VL - 394
SP - 1365
EP - 1375
JO - The Lancet
JF - The Lancet
SN - 0140-6736
IS - 10206
ER -