TY - JOUR
T1 - Free copper and resting temporal EEG rhythms correlate across healthy, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease subjects
AU - Babiloni, Claudio
AU - Squitti, Rosanna
AU - Del Percio, Claudio
AU - Cassetta, Emanuele
AU - Ventriglia, Maria Carla
AU - Ferreri, Florinda
AU - Tombini, Mario
AU - Frisoni, Giovanni
AU - Binetti, Giuliano
AU - Gurzì, Mariella
AU - Salinari, Serenella
AU - Zappasodi, Filippo
AU - Rossini, Paolo M.
PY - 2007/6
Y1 - 2007/6
N2 - Objective: The present study tested the hypothesis that the serum copper abnormalities were correlated with alterations of resting electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms across the continuum of healthy elderly (Hold), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD subjects. Methods: Resting eyes-closed EEG rhythms delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), beta 2 (20-30 Hz), and gamma (30-40 Hz), estimated by LORETA, were recorded in 17 Hold, 19 MCI, 27 AD- (MMSE ≥ 20), and 27 AD+ (MMSE ≤ 20) individuals and correlated with copper biological variables. Results: Across the continuum of Hold, MCI and AD subjects, alpha sources in parietal, occipital, and temporal areas were decreased, while the magnitude of the delta and theta EEG sources in parietal, occipital, and temporal areas was increased. The fraction of serum copper unbound to ceruloplasmin positively correlated with temporal and frontal delta sources, regardless of the effects of age, gender, and education. Conclusions: These results sustain the hypothesis of a toxic component of serum copper that is correlated with functional loss of AD, as revealed by EEG indexes. Significance: The present study represents the first demonstration that the fraction of serum copper unbound to ceruloplasmin is correlated with cortical delta rhythms across Hold, MCI, and AD subjects, thus unveiling possible relationships among the biological parameter, advanced neurodegenerative processes, and synchronization mechanisms regulating the relative amplitude of selective EEG rhythms.
AB - Objective: The present study tested the hypothesis that the serum copper abnormalities were correlated with alterations of resting electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms across the continuum of healthy elderly (Hold), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD subjects. Methods: Resting eyes-closed EEG rhythms delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), beta 2 (20-30 Hz), and gamma (30-40 Hz), estimated by LORETA, were recorded in 17 Hold, 19 MCI, 27 AD- (MMSE ≥ 20), and 27 AD+ (MMSE ≤ 20) individuals and correlated with copper biological variables. Results: Across the continuum of Hold, MCI and AD subjects, alpha sources in parietal, occipital, and temporal areas were decreased, while the magnitude of the delta and theta EEG sources in parietal, occipital, and temporal areas was increased. The fraction of serum copper unbound to ceruloplasmin positively correlated with temporal and frontal delta sources, regardless of the effects of age, gender, and education. Conclusions: These results sustain the hypothesis of a toxic component of serum copper that is correlated with functional loss of AD, as revealed by EEG indexes. Significance: The present study represents the first demonstration that the fraction of serum copper unbound to ceruloplasmin is correlated with cortical delta rhythms across Hold, MCI, and AD subjects, thus unveiling possible relationships among the biological parameter, advanced neurodegenerative processes, and synchronization mechanisms regulating the relative amplitude of selective EEG rhythms.
KW - Alzheimer's disease (AD)
KW - Ceruloplasmin
KW - Copper
KW - Electroencephalography (EEG)
KW - Low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA)
KW - Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34248352230&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=34248352230&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.03.016
DO - 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.03.016
M3 - Article
C2 - 17462944
AN - SCOPUS:34248352230
VL - 118
SP - 1244
EP - 1260
JO - Clinical Neurophysiology
JF - Clinical Neurophysiology
SN - 1388-2457
IS - 6
ER -