TY - JOUR
T1 - Fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk
T2 - Updated information from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
AU - Linseisen, Jakob
AU - Rohrmann, Sabine
AU - Miller, Anthony B.
AU - Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. Bas
AU - Büchner, Frederike L.
AU - Vineis, Paolo
AU - Agudo, Antonio
AU - Gram, Inger T.
AU - Janson, Lars
AU - Krogh, Vittorio
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Rasmuson, Torgny
AU - Schulz, Mandy
AU - Pischon, Tobias
AU - Kaaks, Rudolf
AU - Nieters, Alexandra
AU - Allen, Naomi E.
AU - Key, Timothy J.
AU - Bingham, Sheila
AU - Khaw, Kay Tee
AU - Amiano, Pilar
AU - Barricarte, Aurelio
AU - Martinez, Carmen
AU - Navarro, Carmen
AU - Quirós, Ramón
AU - Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
AU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine
AU - Touvier, Mathilde
AU - Peeters, Petra H M
AU - Berglund, Göran
AU - Hallmans, Göran
AU - Lund, Eiliv
AU - Palli, Domenico
AU - Panico, Salvatore
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Olsen, Anja
AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia
AU - Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
AU - Autier, Philippe
AU - Boffetta, Paolo
AU - Slimani, Nadia
AU - Riboli, Elio
PY - 2007/9/1
Y1 - 2007/9/1
N2 - The association of fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer incidence was evaluated using the most recent data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), applying a refined statistical approach (calibration) to account for measurement error potentially introduced by using food frequency questionnaire data. Between 1992 and 2000, detailed information on diet and life-style of 478,590 individuals participating in EPIC was collected. During a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 1,126 lung cancer cases were observed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were applied for statistical evaluation. In the whole study population, fruit consumption was significantly inversely associated with lung cancer risk while no association was found for vegetable consumption. In current smokers, however, lung cancer risk significantly decreased with higher vegetable consumption; this association became more pronounced after calibration, the hazard ratio (HR) being 0.78 (95% CI 0.62-0.98) per 100 g increase in daily vegetable consumption. In comparison, the HR per 100 g fruit was 0.92 (0.85-0.99) in the entire cohort and 0.90 (0.81-0.99) in smokers. Exclusion of cases diagnosed during the first 2 years of follow-up strengthened these associations, the HR being 0.71 (0.55-0.94) for vegetables (smokers) and 0.86 (0.78-0.95) for fruit (entire cohort). Cancer incidence decreased with higher consumption of apples and pears (entire cohort) as well as root vegetables (smokers). In addition to an overall inverse association with fruit intake, the results of this evaluation add evidence for a significant inverse association of vegetable consumption and lung cancer incidence in smokers.
AB - The association of fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer incidence was evaluated using the most recent data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), applying a refined statistical approach (calibration) to account for measurement error potentially introduced by using food frequency questionnaire data. Between 1992 and 2000, detailed information on diet and life-style of 478,590 individuals participating in EPIC was collected. During a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 1,126 lung cancer cases were observed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were applied for statistical evaluation. In the whole study population, fruit consumption was significantly inversely associated with lung cancer risk while no association was found for vegetable consumption. In current smokers, however, lung cancer risk significantly decreased with higher vegetable consumption; this association became more pronounced after calibration, the hazard ratio (HR) being 0.78 (95% CI 0.62-0.98) per 100 g increase in daily vegetable consumption. In comparison, the HR per 100 g fruit was 0.92 (0.85-0.99) in the entire cohort and 0.90 (0.81-0.99) in smokers. Exclusion of cases diagnosed during the first 2 years of follow-up strengthened these associations, the HR being 0.71 (0.55-0.94) for vegetables (smokers) and 0.86 (0.78-0.95) for fruit (entire cohort). Cancer incidence decreased with higher consumption of apples and pears (entire cohort) as well as root vegetables (smokers). In addition to an overall inverse association with fruit intake, the results of this evaluation add evidence for a significant inverse association of vegetable consumption and lung cancer incidence in smokers.
KW - Cancer
KW - Diet
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Fruit
KW - Lung cancer
KW - Smoking
KW - Vegetables
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U2 - 10.1002/ijc.22807
DO - 10.1002/ijc.22807
M3 - Article
C2 - 17487840
AN - SCOPUS:34547124322
VL - 121
SP - 1103
EP - 1114
JO - International Journal of Cancer
JF - International Journal of Cancer
SN - 0020-7136
IS - 5
ER -