TY - JOUR
T1 - Fruit and vegetable intake and prostate cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
AU - Perez-Cornago, Aurora
AU - Travis, Ruth C.
AU - Appleby, Paul N.
AU - Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Olsen, Anja
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Katzke, Verena
AU - Kühn, Tilman
AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia
AU - Peppa, Eleni
AU - Kritikou, Maria
AU - Sieri, Sabina
AU - Palli, Domenico
AU - Sacerdote, Carlotta
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
AU - Agudo, Antonio
AU - Larrañaga, Nerea
AU - Molina-Portillo, Elena
AU - Ardanaz, Eva
AU - Chirlaque, Maria Dolores
AU - Lasheras, Cristina
AU - Stattin, Pär
AU - Wennberg, Maria
AU - Drake, Isabel
AU - Malm, Johan
AU - Schmidt, Julie A.
AU - Khaw, Kay Tee
AU - Gunter, Marc
AU - Freisling, Heinz
AU - Huybrechts, Inge
AU - Aune, Dagfinn
AU - Cross, Amanda J.
AU - Riboli, Elio
AU - Key, Timothy J.
PY - 2017/7/15
Y1 - 2017/7/15
N2 - Several dietary factors have been studied in relation to prostate cancer; however, most studies have not reported on subtypes of fruit and vegetables or tumor characteristics, and results obtained so far are inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the prospective association of total and subtypes of fruit and vegetable intake with the incidence of prostate cancer overall, by grade and stage of disease, and prostate cancer death. Lifestyle information for 142,239 men participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition from 8 European countries was collected at baseline. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After an average follow-up time of 13.9 years, 7,036 prostate cancer cases were identified. Compared with the lowest fifth, those in the highest fifth of total fruit intake had a significantly reduced prostate cancer risk (HR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.83–0.99; p-trend = 0.01). No associations between fruit subtypes and prostate cancer risk were observed, except for citrus fruits, where a significant trend was found (HR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.86–1.02; p-trend = 0.01). No associations between total and subtypes of vegetables and prostate cancer risk were observed. We found no evidence of heterogeneity in these associations by tumor grade and stage, with the exception of significant heterogeneity by tumor grade (pheterogeneity<0.001) for leafy vegetables. No significant associations with prostate cancer death were observed. The main finding of this prospective study was that a higher fruit intake was associated with a small reduction in prostate cancer risk. Whether this association is causal remains unclear.
AB - Several dietary factors have been studied in relation to prostate cancer; however, most studies have not reported on subtypes of fruit and vegetables or tumor characteristics, and results obtained so far are inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the prospective association of total and subtypes of fruit and vegetable intake with the incidence of prostate cancer overall, by grade and stage of disease, and prostate cancer death. Lifestyle information for 142,239 men participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition from 8 European countries was collected at baseline. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After an average follow-up time of 13.9 years, 7,036 prostate cancer cases were identified. Compared with the lowest fifth, those in the highest fifth of total fruit intake had a significantly reduced prostate cancer risk (HR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.83–0.99; p-trend = 0.01). No associations between fruit subtypes and prostate cancer risk were observed, except for citrus fruits, where a significant trend was found (HR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.86–1.02; p-trend = 0.01). No associations between total and subtypes of vegetables and prostate cancer risk were observed. We found no evidence of heterogeneity in these associations by tumor grade and stage, with the exception of significant heterogeneity by tumor grade (pheterogeneity<0.001) for leafy vegetables. No significant associations with prostate cancer death were observed. The main finding of this prospective study was that a higher fruit intake was associated with a small reduction in prostate cancer risk. Whether this association is causal remains unclear.
KW - fruit
KW - prospective
KW - prostate cancer
KW - tumor subtypes
KW - vegetable
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U2 - 10.1002/ijc.30741
DO - 10.1002/ijc.30741
M3 - Article
C2 - 28419475
AN - SCOPUS:85019905976
VL - 141
SP - 287
EP - 297
JO - International Journal of Cancer
JF - International Journal of Cancer
SN - 0020-7136
IS - 2
ER -