TY - JOUR
T1 - Gene expression in regenerating and scarring tails of lizard evidences three main key genes (wnt2b, egfl6, and arhgap28) activated during the regulated process of tail regeneration
AU - Degan, Massimo
AU - Dalla Valle, Luisa
AU - Alibardi, Lorenzo
N1 - Funding Information:
Comparative Histolab Padova (LA) supported part of the present study (animal housing, experiments, sample preparation, and microscopic studies). MDG was supported by Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (PN). LDV was supported by the University of Padova (RFO, 2018-2019).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - We have analyzed the expression of key genes orchestrating tail regeneration in lizard under normal and scarring conditions after cauterization. At 1-day post-cauterization (1 dpc), the injured blastema contains degenerating epithelial and mesenchymal cells, numerous mast cells, and immune cells. At 3 and 7 dpc, a stratified wound epidermis is forming while fibrocytes give rise to a scarring connective tissue. Oncogenes such as wnt2b, egfl6, wnt6, and mycn and the tumor suppressor arhgap28 are much more expressed than other oncogenes (hmga2, rhov, fgf8, fgfr4, tert, shh) and tumor suppressors (apcdd1, p63, rb, fat2, bcl11b) in the normal blastema and at 7 dpc. Blastemas at 3 dpc feature the lowest upregulation of most genes, likely derived from damage after cauterization. Immunomodulator genes nfatc4 and lef1 are more expressed at 7 dpc than in normal blastema and 3 dpc suggesting the induction of immune response favoring scarring. Balanced over-expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and immune modulator genes determines regulation of cell proliferation (anti-oncogenic), of movement (anti-metastatic), and immunosuppression in the normal blastema. Significant higher expression of oncogenes wnt2b and egfl6 in normal blastema and higher expression of the tumor suppressor arhgap28 in the 7 dpc blastema indicate that they are among the key/master genes that determine the regulated regeneration of the tail.
AB - We have analyzed the expression of key genes orchestrating tail regeneration in lizard under normal and scarring conditions after cauterization. At 1-day post-cauterization (1 dpc), the injured blastema contains degenerating epithelial and mesenchymal cells, numerous mast cells, and immune cells. At 3 and 7 dpc, a stratified wound epidermis is forming while fibrocytes give rise to a scarring connective tissue. Oncogenes such as wnt2b, egfl6, wnt6, and mycn and the tumor suppressor arhgap28 are much more expressed than other oncogenes (hmga2, rhov, fgf8, fgfr4, tert, shh) and tumor suppressors (apcdd1, p63, rb, fat2, bcl11b) in the normal blastema and at 7 dpc. Blastemas at 3 dpc feature the lowest upregulation of most genes, likely derived from damage after cauterization. Immunomodulator genes nfatc4 and lef1 are more expressed at 7 dpc than in normal blastema and 3 dpc suggesting the induction of immune response favoring scarring. Balanced over-expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and immune modulator genes determines regulation of cell proliferation (anti-oncogenic), of movement (anti-metastatic), and immunosuppression in the normal blastema. Significant higher expression of oncogenes wnt2b and egfl6 in normal blastema and higher expression of the tumor suppressor arhgap28 in the 7 dpc blastema indicate that they are among the key/master genes that determine the regulated regeneration of the tail.
KW - Gene expression
KW - Lizard
KW - Microscopy
KW - Scar
KW - Tail blastema
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089905386&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85089905386&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00709-020-01545-6
DO - 10.1007/s00709-020-01545-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 32852660
AN - SCOPUS:85089905386
VL - 258
SP - 3
EP - 17
JO - Protoplasma
JF - Protoplasma
SN - 0033-183X
IS - 1
ER -