TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic and structural analysis of HIV-1 rev responsive element related to V38A and T18A enfuvirtide resistance mutations
AU - Dimonte, Salvatore
AU - Mercurio, Fabio
AU - Svicher, Valentina
AU - Perno, Carlo Federico
AU - Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca
PY - 2012/5
Y1 - 2012/5
N2 - Background: For the expression of late viral genes, HIV-1 efficiently exploits the nuclear export by using Rev viral protein, which specifically binds the RNA Rev Responsive Element (RRE). This region is contained within the gp120-gp41 encoding sequence. Enfuvirtide is the first approved HIV-1 fusion-inhibitor, and gp41 codons associated with primary enfuvirtide-resistance (amino-acids 36-45) are localized within the RRE structure. We previously found the co-presence of V38A+T18A resistance mutations in patients failing enfuvirtide. Methods: Collecting 476 and 135 HIV-1 B-subtype gp41 sequences from enfuvirtide-nave and enfuvirtide-treated patients, respectively, two mutations previously found associated with enfuvirtide treatment, T18A and V38A, were analyzed. Moreover, the RNA secondary structure was displayed by CONTRAfold-software and the gp41 evolutionary pathways by a mutagenetic tree. Results: By modeling the RRE structure, we show that the T18 and V38 codons are base pairing within the RRE-stem-IIA, an important domain involved in Rev binding. While a structural RRE impairment in the presence of V38A alone was found, a restoration of the original RRE structure occurred in co-presence of V38A+T18A. By mutagenetic tree analysis, a compensatory evolution confirming our hypothesis on the structural modification mechanism was observed. Conclusion: We show that enfuvirtide pressure may also affect specific RRE domains involved in Rev binding, thus requiring a compensatory evolution able to preserve the secondary structure of the RRE.
AB - Background: For the expression of late viral genes, HIV-1 efficiently exploits the nuclear export by using Rev viral protein, which specifically binds the RNA Rev Responsive Element (RRE). This region is contained within the gp120-gp41 encoding sequence. Enfuvirtide is the first approved HIV-1 fusion-inhibitor, and gp41 codons associated with primary enfuvirtide-resistance (amino-acids 36-45) are localized within the RRE structure. We previously found the co-presence of V38A+T18A resistance mutations in patients failing enfuvirtide. Methods: Collecting 476 and 135 HIV-1 B-subtype gp41 sequences from enfuvirtide-nave and enfuvirtide-treated patients, respectively, two mutations previously found associated with enfuvirtide treatment, T18A and V38A, were analyzed. Moreover, the RNA secondary structure was displayed by CONTRAfold-software and the gp41 evolutionary pathways by a mutagenetic tree. Results: By modeling the RRE structure, we show that the T18 and V38 codons are base pairing within the RRE-stem-IIA, an important domain involved in Rev binding. While a structural RRE impairment in the presence of V38A alone was found, a restoration of the original RRE structure occurred in co-presence of V38A+T18A. By mutagenetic tree analysis, a compensatory evolution confirming our hypothesis on the structural modification mechanism was observed. Conclusion: We show that enfuvirtide pressure may also affect specific RRE domains involved in Rev binding, thus requiring a compensatory evolution able to preserve the secondary structure of the RRE.
KW - gp41
KW - HIV
KW - Mutagenetic tree
KW - Mutations
KW - Rev Responsive Element (RRE)
KW - RNA
KW - Structure
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U2 - 10.1159/000334696
DO - 10.1159/000334696
M3 - Article
C2 - 22188777
AN - SCOPUS:84861455495
VL - 55
SP - 385
EP - 390
JO - Intervirology
JF - Intervirology
SN - 0300-5526
IS - 5
ER -