Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defective platelet integrin α_IIb-β₃): Proposals for management between evidence and open issues

Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder, characterized by a quantitative or qualitative defect of platelet surface α_IIb-β₃ integrin. Presently, no specific guideline/algorithm for clinical management for GT is available. Due to the rarity and heterogeneity of inherited platelet abnormalities, recommendations and guidelines are based on reports from opinions and clinical experience of panel of experts, and refer to the general management of platelet disorders. Based on the limited evidence in the area and on the strategies in clinical settings of inherited/acquired platelet defects, proposals for management of minor bleeding; moderate/major bleeding unresponsive to conservative management; major surgery; minor surgery and dental procedures for GT patients without, or with anti-platelet isoantibodies are reported. In addition to life-style advices and continuous patient education programs, when and how to employ/combine local measures, antifibrinolytic agents, hormone treatment, platelet transfusions and recombinant activated Factor VII is described. The prospective collection of treatments in GT patients recently established (Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia Registry, GTR), based on a careful definition of clinical settings and outcomes, is likely to provide newer insight for optimising clinical management in GT.