Abstract
Glycyrrhizin, a major active constituent of liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has a free radical scavenging property, and its effects were evaluated on an animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI) induced by the application of vascular clips (force of 24 g) to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. Spinal cord injury in mice resulted in severe trauma characterized by edema, tissue damage, and apoptosis (measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase- mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling staining, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression). Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a marked increase in immunoreactivity for nitrotyrosine, iNOS, and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) in the spinal cord tissue. Additionally, we demonstrate that these inflammatory events were associated with the activation of nuclear factor-κB. In contrast, the degree of (1) spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury (histological score), (2) nitrotyrosine and poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP] ribose) formation, (3) iNOS expression, (4) nuclear factor-KB activation, and (5) apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling, Bax, and Bcl-2) was markedly reduced in spinal cord tissue obtained from mice treated with glycyrrhizin extract (10 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min before and 1 and 6 h after SCI). In a separate set of experiments, we have clearly demonstrated that glycyrrhizin extract treatment significantly ameliorated the recovery of limb function (evaluated by motor recovery score). Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that treatment with glycyrrhizin extract reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury events associated with spinal cord trauma.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 367-375 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Shock |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Apr 2009 |
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Keywords
- Apoptosis
- Glycyrrhizin
- Nuclear factor-κB
- Secondary damage
- Spinal cord injury
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
- Emergency Medicine
Cite this
Glycyrrhizin reduces secondary inflammatory process after spinal cord compression injury in mice. / Genovese, Tiziana; Menegazzi, Marta; Mazzon, Emanuela; Crisafulli, Concetta; Di Paola, Rosanna; Dal Bosco, Martina; Zou, Zhenzhen; Suzuki, Hisanori; Cuzzocrea, Salvatore.
In: Shock, Vol. 31, No. 4, 04.2009, p. 367-375.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Glycyrrhizin reduces secondary inflammatory process after spinal cord compression injury in mice
AU - Genovese, Tiziana
AU - Menegazzi, Marta
AU - Mazzon, Emanuela
AU - Crisafulli, Concetta
AU - Di Paola, Rosanna
AU - Dal Bosco, Martina
AU - Zou, Zhenzhen
AU - Suzuki, Hisanori
AU - Cuzzocrea, Salvatore
PY - 2009/4
Y1 - 2009/4
N2 - Glycyrrhizin, a major active constituent of liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has a free radical scavenging property, and its effects were evaluated on an animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI) induced by the application of vascular clips (force of 24 g) to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. Spinal cord injury in mice resulted in severe trauma characterized by edema, tissue damage, and apoptosis (measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase- mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling staining, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression). Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a marked increase in immunoreactivity for nitrotyrosine, iNOS, and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) in the spinal cord tissue. Additionally, we demonstrate that these inflammatory events were associated with the activation of nuclear factor-κB. In contrast, the degree of (1) spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury (histological score), (2) nitrotyrosine and poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP] ribose) formation, (3) iNOS expression, (4) nuclear factor-KB activation, and (5) apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling, Bax, and Bcl-2) was markedly reduced in spinal cord tissue obtained from mice treated with glycyrrhizin extract (10 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min before and 1 and 6 h after SCI). In a separate set of experiments, we have clearly demonstrated that glycyrrhizin extract treatment significantly ameliorated the recovery of limb function (evaluated by motor recovery score). Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that treatment with glycyrrhizin extract reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury events associated with spinal cord trauma.
AB - Glycyrrhizin, a major active constituent of liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has a free radical scavenging property, and its effects were evaluated on an animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI) induced by the application of vascular clips (force of 24 g) to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. Spinal cord injury in mice resulted in severe trauma characterized by edema, tissue damage, and apoptosis (measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase- mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling staining, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression). Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a marked increase in immunoreactivity for nitrotyrosine, iNOS, and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) in the spinal cord tissue. Additionally, we demonstrate that these inflammatory events were associated with the activation of nuclear factor-κB. In contrast, the degree of (1) spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury (histological score), (2) nitrotyrosine and poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP] ribose) formation, (3) iNOS expression, (4) nuclear factor-KB activation, and (5) apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling, Bax, and Bcl-2) was markedly reduced in spinal cord tissue obtained from mice treated with glycyrrhizin extract (10 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min before and 1 and 6 h after SCI). In a separate set of experiments, we have clearly demonstrated that glycyrrhizin extract treatment significantly ameliorated the recovery of limb function (evaluated by motor recovery score). Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that treatment with glycyrrhizin extract reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury events associated with spinal cord trauma.
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Glycyrrhizin
KW - Nuclear factor-κB
KW - Secondary damage
KW - Spinal cord injury
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=64849087589&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=64849087589&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181833b08
DO - 10.1097/SHK.0b013e3181833b08
M3 - Article
C2 - 18665052
AN - SCOPUS:64849087589
VL - 31
SP - 367
EP - 375
JO - Shock
JF - Shock
SN - 1073-2322
IS - 4
ER -