Good response to second-line bevacizumab and interferon-α in a sunitinib-refractory patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

In recent years with the development of targeted agents such as bevacizumab, sunitinib, sorafenib, temsirolimus, and everolimus, the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma has changed dramatically. In clinical practice, sunitinib and bevacizumab are reserved for first-line treatment, but despite various guidelines, optimal treatment is still uncertain. We present, for the first time, a case of a good response to second-line bevacizumab and interferon-α in a patient who failed classical sunitinib treatment.