TY - JOUR
T1 - Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex
T2 - Role of cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage
AU - Aquaro, Stefano
AU - Ronga, Luigi
AU - Pollicita, Michela
AU - Antinori, Andrea
AU - Ranazzi, Alessandro
AU - Perno, Carlo Federico
PY - 2005
Y1 - 2005
N2 - The entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into the central nervous system (CNS) causes both the establishment of a lifelong viral reservoir in the brain and symptoms of neurological dysfunction that have an AIDS dementia complex (ADC) clinical appearance. Neurological dysfunction in ADC patients still remains an unresolved problem. However, ADC pathogenesis may be a multistep process that starts with HIV invasion of CNS by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It progresses by developing a chronic inflammatory status that can cause dysfunction in neurons and astrocytes that result in apoptotic death. Monocytes-macrophages (M/M) may play an important role by concealing the HIV transfer across the BBB. Furthermore, HIV-infected M/M could produce and release neurotoxic factors. In this review the main mediators and cells involved in pathogenesis and development of ADC are highlighted. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process may help in a successful therapeutic approach to the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection.
AB - The entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into the central nervous system (CNS) causes both the establishment of a lifelong viral reservoir in the brain and symptoms of neurological dysfunction that have an AIDS dementia complex (ADC) clinical appearance. Neurological dysfunction in ADC patients still remains an unresolved problem. However, ADC pathogenesis may be a multistep process that starts with HIV invasion of CNS by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It progresses by developing a chronic inflammatory status that can cause dysfunction in neurons and astrocytes that result in apoptotic death. Monocytes-macrophages (M/M) may play an important role by concealing the HIV transfer across the BBB. Furthermore, HIV-infected M/M could produce and release neurotoxic factors. In this review the main mediators and cells involved in pathogenesis and development of ADC are highlighted. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process may help in a successful therapeutic approach to the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection.
KW - Central Nervous System
KW - HIV
KW - Reservoir
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U2 - 10.1080/13550280500513416
DO - 10.1080/13550280500513416
M3 - Article
C2 - 16540457
AN - SCOPUS:33645052737
VL - 11
SP - 58
EP - 66
JO - Journal of NeuroVirology
JF - Journal of NeuroVirology
SN - 1355-0284
IS - SUPPL. 3
ER -