TY - JOUR
T1 - Humoral and cellular response to influenza vaccine in HIV-infected children with full viroimmunologic response to antiretroviral therapy
AU - Viganò, Alessandra
AU - Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo
AU - Pacei, Michela
AU - Erba, Paola
AU - Castelletti, Eleonora
AU - Giacomet, Vania
AU - Amendola, Antonella
AU - Pariani, Elena
AU - Tanzi, Elisabetta
AU - Clerici, Mario
PY - 2008/7/1
Y1 - 2008/7/1
N2 - OBJECTIVE: It is unclear whether the ability to respond to vaccines is restored by antiretroviral therapy. We evaluated the influenza-specific immune responses elicited by a virosomal vaccine in HIV-infected children on long-term successful highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: This was an observational, prospective, open-label study enrolling 24 HIV-infected, HAART-treated (85 months' mean exposure), vaccine-naive children (median age = 11.9 years) and 14 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Mean CD4 T-cell counts (>900 cells/μL) and percentages (>37%) were comparable. The HIV RNA level was 40% of patients) and seroprotection (Ab titer ≥1:40 in >70% of patients) was achieved at 1 month in both groups; however, fewer HIV-infected children fulfilled these criteria. The A/H3N2- and A/H1N1-specific Ab geometric mean titers were lower in HIV-infected children compared with healthy controls at 1 and 6 months; interestingly, a boost in vaccine-specific IgG3 T helper 1 type Ab was seen in healthy controls alone. Finally, vaccine specific-IFNγ- and IL-2-producing T lymphocytes were reduced at both time points in HIV-infected children compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: One injection of virosomal-adjuvanted influenza vaccine stimulates good immune responses, although the humoral and cellular immune responses are reduced in HIV-infected children compared to healthy children. This indicates that immunologic function impairments may persist upon HIV infection even if HIV-positive viremia is suppressed and immune recovery seems to be achieved.
AB - OBJECTIVE: It is unclear whether the ability to respond to vaccines is restored by antiretroviral therapy. We evaluated the influenza-specific immune responses elicited by a virosomal vaccine in HIV-infected children on long-term successful highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: This was an observational, prospective, open-label study enrolling 24 HIV-infected, HAART-treated (85 months' mean exposure), vaccine-naive children (median age = 11.9 years) and 14 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Mean CD4 T-cell counts (>900 cells/μL) and percentages (>37%) were comparable. The HIV RNA level was 40% of patients) and seroprotection (Ab titer ≥1:40 in >70% of patients) was achieved at 1 month in both groups; however, fewer HIV-infected children fulfilled these criteria. The A/H3N2- and A/H1N1-specific Ab geometric mean titers were lower in HIV-infected children compared with healthy controls at 1 and 6 months; interestingly, a boost in vaccine-specific IgG3 T helper 1 type Ab was seen in healthy controls alone. Finally, vaccine specific-IFNγ- and IL-2-producing T lymphocytes were reduced at both time points in HIV-infected children compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: One injection of virosomal-adjuvanted influenza vaccine stimulates good immune responses, although the humoral and cellular immune responses are reduced in HIV-infected children compared to healthy children. This indicates that immunologic function impairments may persist upon HIV infection even if HIV-positive viremia is suppressed and immune recovery seems to be achieved.
KW - HIV infection
KW - Immunology
KW - Influenza
KW - Pediatrics
KW - Vaccine
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U2 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181632cda
DO - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181632cda
M3 - Article
C2 - 18545155
AN - SCOPUS:47049113479
VL - 48
SP - 289
EP - 296
JO - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
JF - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
SN - 1525-4135
IS - 3
ER -