Hybrid composites made of multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with Fe ₃O ₄ nanoparticles for tissue engineering applications

A straightforward technique for functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with magnetite (Fe ₃O ₄) nanoparticles was developed. Iron oxide nanoparticles were deposited on MWCNT surfaces by a depositionprecipitation method using Fe ³⁺/Fe ²⁺ salts precursors in basic solution. The characterizations by HRTEM, XRD, SEM/EDX, AAS and TPR analyses confirmed the successful formation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on the MWCNT surface. Fe ₃O ₄/MWCNT hybrid composites were analysed in vitro by incubation with mesenchymal stem cells for 1, 3 and 7 days, either in the presence or absence of a static magnetic field. Analysis of cell proliferation was performed by the MTT assay, quantification of cellular stress was performed by the Lactate Dehydrogenase assay and analysis of cell morphology was performed by actin immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Results demonstrate that the introduction of magnetite into the MWCNT structure increases biocompatibility of oxidized MWCNTs. In addition, the presence of a static magnetic field further increases Fe ₃O ₄/MWCNT influence on cell behaviour. These results demonstrate this novel Fe ₃O ₄/MWCNT hybrid composite has good potential for tissue engineering applications.