TY - JOUR
T1 - Hypoxia and inflammation in prostate cancer progression. Cross-talk with androgen and estrogen receptors and cancer stem cells
AU - Russo, Matteo Antonio
AU - Ravenna, Linda
AU - Pellegrini, Laura
AU - Petrangeli, Elisa
AU - Salvatori, Luisa
AU - Magrone, Thea
AU - Fini, Massimo
AU - Tafani, Marco
PY - 2016/12/1
Y1 - 2016/12/1
N2 - Tumors are complex tissues in which transformed cells communicate with the surrounding microenvironment and evolve traits promoting their own survival and malignancy. Hypoxia and inflammation are constant characteristics of prostate tumor microenvironment influencing both cancer stem cells and differentiated tumor cells. HIFs and NF-kB are the key regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxic and inflammatory stresses, respectively, and a crosstalk between HIFs and NF-kB pathways has been widely documented. Similarly, androgen and estrogen signaling, that play important roles in the growth and function of normal prostate gland, when deregulated, have a significant part in the acquisition of hallmarks of malignant diseases. Moreover, androgen and estrogen receptors have been shown to intersect with the HIF/NF-kB signaling in prostate cancer. Aim of this review is to present the current knowledge regarding the crucial role, in prostate cancer progression, of a molecular network linking hypoxia, pro-inflammatory response and steroid receptors.
AB - Tumors are complex tissues in which transformed cells communicate with the surrounding microenvironment and evolve traits promoting their own survival and malignancy. Hypoxia and inflammation are constant characteristics of prostate tumor microenvironment influencing both cancer stem cells and differentiated tumor cells. HIFs and NF-kB are the key regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxic and inflammatory stresses, respectively, and a crosstalk between HIFs and NF-kB pathways has been widely documented. Similarly, androgen and estrogen signaling, that play important roles in the growth and function of normal prostate gland, when deregulated, have a significant part in the acquisition of hallmarks of malignant diseases. Moreover, androgen and estrogen receptors have been shown to intersect with the HIF/NF-kB signaling in prostate cancer. Aim of this review is to present the current knowledge regarding the crucial role, in prostate cancer progression, of a molecular network linking hypoxia, pro-inflammatory response and steroid receptors.
KW - Androgen and estrogen receptors
KW - Cancer stem cells
KW - Hypoxia
KW - Inflammation
KW - Molecular rehabilitation
KW - Prostate cancer
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U2 - 10.2174/1871530316666161130160144
DO - 10.2174/1871530316666161130160144
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85013803361
VL - 16
SP - 235
EP - 248
JO - Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders - Drug Targets
JF - Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders - Drug Targets
SN - 1871-5303
IS - 4
ER -