TY - JOUR
T1 - Immuno-oncology for renal cell carcinoma treatment
T2 - future perspectives for combinations and sequences with molecularly targeted agents
AU - Porta, Camillo
AU - Toscani, Ilaria
AU - Czarnecka, Anna M.
AU - Szczylik, Cezary A.
PY - 2017/2/1
Y1 - 2017/2/1
N2 - Introduction: From a theoretical viewpoint, combining molecularly targeted agents endowed with antiangiogenic properties with immunotherapy makes sense in treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC); this neoplasm is highly angiogenesis-dependent, as well as potentially immunogenic. Areas covered: The authors performed a literature search looking for clinical trials aimed at evaluating efficacy and tolerability of combinations (or sequences) of molecularly targeted agents and different immunotherapeutic approaches in metastatic RCC. Expert opinion: Combinations of molecularly targeted agents with old immunotherapeutics (i.e., cytokines) seem to add little to the presently available treatment standards (mainly monotherapy with targeted agents). Newer combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors are promising but cumulative toxicity is an important issue, although highly dependent on the different companion drugs. Combinations with vaccines are ongoing, but first available data are not encouraging. A more thorough comprehension of the complex effects of these combinations on the immune system is mandatory to develop less empiric treatments.
AB - Introduction: From a theoretical viewpoint, combining molecularly targeted agents endowed with antiangiogenic properties with immunotherapy makes sense in treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC); this neoplasm is highly angiogenesis-dependent, as well as potentially immunogenic. Areas covered: The authors performed a literature search looking for clinical trials aimed at evaluating efficacy and tolerability of combinations (or sequences) of molecularly targeted agents and different immunotherapeutic approaches in metastatic RCC. Expert opinion: Combinations of molecularly targeted agents with old immunotherapeutics (i.e., cytokines) seem to add little to the presently available treatment standards (mainly monotherapy with targeted agents). Newer combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors are promising but cumulative toxicity is an important issue, although highly dependent on the different companion drugs. Combinations with vaccines are ongoing, but first available data are not encouraging. A more thorough comprehension of the complex effects of these combinations on the immune system is mandatory to develop less empiric treatments.
KW - Checkpoint inhibitors
KW - combinations
KW - cytokines
KW - immunotherapy
KW - molecularly targeted agents
KW - vaccines
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U2 - 10.1080/14712598.2017.1271869
DO - 10.1080/14712598.2017.1271869
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27960591
AN - SCOPUS:85009990529
VL - 17
SP - 151
EP - 162
JO - Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
JF - Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
SN - 1471-2598
IS - 2
ER -