TY - JOUR
T1 - Inflammatory Biomarkers in Heart Failure Revisited
T2 - Much More than Innocent Bystanders
AU - von Haehling, Stephan
AU - Schefold, Joerg C.
AU - Lainscak, Mitja
AU - Doehner, Wolfram
AU - Anker, Stefan D.
PY - 2009/10
Y1 - 2009/10
N2 - Chronic heart failure is viewed as a state of chronic inflammation. Many inflammatory markers have been shown to be up-regulated in patients who have this condition, but the markers' roles in clinical decision making have not yet been fully elucidated. A panel of biomarkers is likely to have a strong impact on patient management. Inflammatory biomarkers are interesting candidates that could answer specific clinical questions on their own or complement a multi-marker approach. This article provides a broad overview of several inflammatory biomarkers, including the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-18, and the soluble receptors TNFR-1, TNFR-2, IL-6R, and gp130. In addition to these acute phase reactants, several adhesion molecules, and lipopolysaccharide-signaling pathways are discussed.
AB - Chronic heart failure is viewed as a state of chronic inflammation. Many inflammatory markers have been shown to be up-regulated in patients who have this condition, but the markers' roles in clinical decision making have not yet been fully elucidated. A panel of biomarkers is likely to have a strong impact on patient management. Inflammatory biomarkers are interesting candidates that could answer specific clinical questions on their own or complement a multi-marker approach. This article provides a broad overview of several inflammatory biomarkers, including the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-18, and the soluble receptors TNFR-1, TNFR-2, IL-6R, and gp130. In addition to these acute phase reactants, several adhesion molecules, and lipopolysaccharide-signaling pathways are discussed.
KW - Acute phase
KW - Adhesion molecule
KW - Biomarker
KW - Cytokine
KW - Heart failure
KW - Immune system
KW - Inflammation
KW - Tumor necrosis factor
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U2 - 10.1016/j.hfc.2009.04.001
DO - 10.1016/j.hfc.2009.04.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 19631179
AN - SCOPUS:67650659572
VL - 5
SP - 549
EP - 560
JO - Heart Failure Clinics
JF - Heart Failure Clinics
SN - 1551-7136
IS - 4
ER -