TY - JOUR
T1 - Integrated immune gene expression signature and molecular classification in gastric cancer
T2 - New insights
AU - Refolo, Maria Grazia
AU - Lotesoriere, Claudio
AU - Messa, Caterina
AU - Caruso, Maria Gabriella
AU - D'Alessandro, Rosalba
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by Italian Ministry of Public Health (n.2/2018).The authors thank PhD Andrijana Klajn for the carefully English revision.
Publisher Copyright:
©2020 Society for Leukocyte Biology
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/8/1
Y1 - 2020/8/1
N2 - Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by extreme heterogeneity due to histopathological differences, molecular characteristics, and immune gene expression signature. Until recently, several targeted therapies failed due to this complexity. The recent immunotherapy resulted in more effective and safe approaches in several malignancies. All tumors could be considered potentially immunogenic and the new knowledge regarding the interactions among tumor cells, immune cells, and tumor microenvironment (TME) allowed to reverse possible immune resistance. The immune response is a complex multisteps process that finely regulates the balance between the recognition of non-self and the prevention of autoimmunity. Cancer cells can use these pathways to suppress tumor immunity as a major mechanism of immune resistance. The recent molecular classifications of GCs by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and by the Asian Cancer Research (ACRG) networks, together with the identification of multiple biomarkers, open new perspectives for stratification of patients who might benefit from a long-term immune checkpoint therapy. One of the major processes that contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment is represented by tumor angiogenesis. The cellular mechanisms inducing both angiogenesis and immunosuppressive responses are often reached by the same cell types and soluble factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Recent studies point out that combinatorial strategies should be adapted as useful therapeutic approach to reverse the immunosuppressive status of microenvironment occurring in a relevant percentage of gastric tumors.
AB - Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by extreme heterogeneity due to histopathological differences, molecular characteristics, and immune gene expression signature. Until recently, several targeted therapies failed due to this complexity. The recent immunotherapy resulted in more effective and safe approaches in several malignancies. All tumors could be considered potentially immunogenic and the new knowledge regarding the interactions among tumor cells, immune cells, and tumor microenvironment (TME) allowed to reverse possible immune resistance. The immune response is a complex multisteps process that finely regulates the balance between the recognition of non-self and the prevention of autoimmunity. Cancer cells can use these pathways to suppress tumor immunity as a major mechanism of immune resistance. The recent molecular classifications of GCs by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and by the Asian Cancer Research (ACRG) networks, together with the identification of multiple biomarkers, open new perspectives for stratification of patients who might benefit from a long-term immune checkpoint therapy. One of the major processes that contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment is represented by tumor angiogenesis. The cellular mechanisms inducing both angiogenesis and immunosuppressive responses are often reached by the same cell types and soluble factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Recent studies point out that combinatorial strategies should be adapted as useful therapeutic approach to reverse the immunosuppressive status of microenvironment occurring in a relevant percentage of gastric tumors.
KW - angiogenesis
KW - gastric cancer
KW - immunotherapy
KW - tils
KW - VEGFA
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U2 - 10.1002/JLB.4MR0120-221R
DO - 10.1002/JLB.4MR0120-221R
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32170872
AN - SCOPUS:85081730742
VL - 108
SP - 633
EP - 646
JO - Journal of Leukocyte Biology
JF - Journal of Leukocyte Biology
SN - 0741-5400
IS - 2
ER -