Abstract
Resistant hypertension is a very complex disease [1]. Its pathophysiology is characterized by persistently high blood pressure (BP) levels above the recommended BP goals (i.e., below 140/90 mmHg) in the presence of lifestyle changes and optimal antihypertensive strategy based on at least three antihypertensive agents, including a diuretic at adequate doses [2]. It is often associated with the presence of organ damage, including left ventricular hypertrophy and/or dysfunction, carotid or peripheral atherosclerosis, albuminuria or renal impairment, and leads to higher susceptibility to develop overt cardiovascular and renal complications, including myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, and end-stage renal disease [2]. As such, this condition is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than essential hypertension and deserves specific pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to reduce this risk.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Resistant Hypertension: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment |
Publisher | Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l. |
Pages | 181-191 |
Number of pages | 11 |
ISBN (Print) | 9788847054158, 8847054141, 9788847054141 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Nov 1 2013 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Medicine(all)