TY - JOUR
T1 - Klinefelter syndrome
T2 - cardiovascular abnormalities and metabolic disorders
AU - Calogero, A. E.
AU - Giagulli, Vito
AU - Mongioì, L. M.
AU - Triggiani, V.
AU - Radicioni, A. F.
AU - Jannini, E. A.
AU - Pasquali, D.
AU - Balercia, Giancarlo
AU - Bonomi, Marco
AU - Corona, Giovanni
AU - Fabbri, Andrea
AU - Ferlin, Alberto
AU - Francavilla, Felice
AU - Giagulli, Vito
AU - Lanfranco, Fabio
AU - Maggi, Mario
AU - Pivonello, Rosario
AU - Pizzocaro, Alessandro
AU - Radicioni, Antonio
AU - Rochira, Vincenzo
AU - Vignozzi, Linda
AU - Accardo, Giacomo
AU - Cangiano, Biagio
AU - Condorelli, Rosita A.
AU - Cordeschi, Giuliana
AU - D’Andrea, Settimio
AU - Di Mambro, Antonella
AU - Esposito, Daniela
AU - Foresta, Carlo
AU - Francavilla, Sandro
AU - Galdiero, Mariano
AU - Garolla, Andrea
AU - Giovannini, Lara
AU - Granata, Antonio R.M.
AU - La Vignera, Sandro
AU - Motta, Giovanna
AU - Negri, Luciano
AU - Pelliccione, Fiore
AU - Persani, Luca
AU - Salzano, Ciro
AU - Santi, Daniele
AU - Selice, Riccardo
AU - Simoni, Manuela
AU - Tatone, Carla
AU - Tirabassi, Giacomo
AU - Tresoldi, Alberto Stefano
AU - Vicari, Enzo
AU - On behalf of the Klinefelter ItaliaN Group (KING)
PY - 2017/7/1
Y1 - 2017/7/1
N2 - Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is one of the most common genetic causes of male infertility. This condition is associated with much comorbidity and with a lower life expectancy. The aim of this review is to explore more in depth cardiovascular and metabolic disorders associated to KS. KS patients have an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease (standardized mortality ratio, SMR, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.6–3.0), but it is not clear whether the cause of the death is of thrombotic or hemorrhagic nature. Cardiovascular congenital anomalies (SMR, 7.3; 95% CI, 2.4–17.1) and the development of thrombosis or leg ulcers (SMR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.9–17.2) are also more frequent in these subjects. Moreover, cardiovascular abnormalities may be at least partially reversed by testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). KS patients have also an increased probability of endocrine and/or metabolic disease, especially obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The effects of TRT on these abnormalities are not entirely clear.
AB - Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is one of the most common genetic causes of male infertility. This condition is associated with much comorbidity and with a lower life expectancy. The aim of this review is to explore more in depth cardiovascular and metabolic disorders associated to KS. KS patients have an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease (standardized mortality ratio, SMR, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.6–3.0), but it is not clear whether the cause of the death is of thrombotic or hemorrhagic nature. Cardiovascular congenital anomalies (SMR, 7.3; 95% CI, 2.4–17.1) and the development of thrombosis or leg ulcers (SMR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.9–17.2) are also more frequent in these subjects. Moreover, cardiovascular abnormalities may be at least partially reversed by testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). KS patients have also an increased probability of endocrine and/or metabolic disease, especially obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The effects of TRT on these abnormalities are not entirely clear.
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Chromosome abnormalities
KW - Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism
KW - Klinefelter syndrome
KW - Metabolism
KW - Testosterone
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U2 - 10.1007/s40618-017-0619-9
DO - 10.1007/s40618-017-0619-9
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85019052962
VL - 40
SP - 705
EP - 712
JO - Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
JF - Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
SN - 0391-4097
IS - 7
ER -