Laparoscopic versus open biliopancreatic diversion: A prospective comparative study

Background: Bariatric surgery is playing an increasingly important role in our society. The surgical approach should be chosen in consistent with the patients' problem. The purpose of this study was to compare surgical outcomes in patients who underwent laparoscopic Scopinaro's biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) versus open BPD in our institute experience. Methods: Eighty patients were enrolled and divided in two groups: laparoscopic group (VL) and open group (OP), with 40 patients in each group during two calendar years 2006-2007. We performed the same technique for both groups using the same staplers for anastomosis, with the same measurements for alimentary and common limbs in both groups. We compared the following variables in the two groups: operative time, intra and early postoperative complications, postoperative pain, consumption of analgesics, recovery of intestinal function, days to removal of NG tube and start of oral intake, hospital stay, and late complication-incisional hernia incidence. Results: We found statistically significant reduction in favor of laparoscopic group regarding reduction in postoperative pain, consumption of analgesics, incidence of incisional hernia, operative time, and hospital stay-with early removal of NG tube and early oral intake. We did not find any statistically significant difference regarding intra, immediate and early postoperative complications and recovery of intestinal functions. Conclusions: Laparoscopic BPD is a safe technique; has good results without affecting the duration of the intervention; and ensures less postoperative pain with rapid functional recovery, less hospital stay, and drastic reduction of incisional hernia incidence.