TY - JOUR
T1 - Laser fiber and flexible ureterorenoscopy
T2 - The safety distance concept
AU - Talso, Michele
AU - Emiliani, Esteban
AU - Haddad, Mattieu
AU - Berthe, Laurent
AU - Baghdadi, Mohammed
AU - Montanari, Emanuele
AU - Traxer, Olivier
PY - 2016/12/1
Y1 - 2016/12/1
N2 - Introduction: The costs of flexible ureterorenoscopes (fURSs) and their repair oblige the surgeon to know the proper handling of instruments. There is a lack of evidence in the literature about the safety distance that the laser fiber should have once out from the ureterorenoscope to avoid instrumental damages. Materials and Methods: We performed an in vitro observational study. Seven fURSs were tested. The distance from the laser fiber tip and the fURS camera was measured at the first appearance on the endoscopic screen and when the fiber was reaching one-fourth of the screen. Second, to evaluate the impact of the holmium laser bubble according to different fiber distances, an assessment of the size and shape of the bubble created at the tip of the fiber with the laser activated was done, recording the images with a high-speed camera. Results: The first appearance on the screen of the laser tip is different in different ureterorenoscopes. In all the ureterorenoscopes, we observed that when the laser fiber was at 14 of the screen, the bubble was never touching the fURS tip. Conclusion: Even if there is a big limitation of this study due to the impossibility to measure and to evaluate the damage of the fURS tip surface, we observed that when the laser fiber tip reaches 14 of the screen, the bubble generated by laser activation is never rebounding on the camera of the ureterorenoscope, preserving it from laser damages. We can define this position as the safety distance.
AB - Introduction: The costs of flexible ureterorenoscopes (fURSs) and their repair oblige the surgeon to know the proper handling of instruments. There is a lack of evidence in the literature about the safety distance that the laser fiber should have once out from the ureterorenoscope to avoid instrumental damages. Materials and Methods: We performed an in vitro observational study. Seven fURSs were tested. The distance from the laser fiber tip and the fURS camera was measured at the first appearance on the endoscopic screen and when the fiber was reaching one-fourth of the screen. Second, to evaluate the impact of the holmium laser bubble according to different fiber distances, an assessment of the size and shape of the bubble created at the tip of the fiber with the laser activated was done, recording the images with a high-speed camera. Results: The first appearance on the screen of the laser tip is different in different ureterorenoscopes. In all the ureterorenoscopes, we observed that when the laser fiber was at 14 of the screen, the bubble was never touching the fURS tip. Conclusion: Even if there is a big limitation of this study due to the impossibility to measure and to evaluate the damage of the fURS tip surface, we observed that when the laser fiber tip reaches 14 of the screen, the bubble generated by laser activation is never rebounding on the camera of the ureterorenoscope, preserving it from laser damages. We can define this position as the safety distance.
KW - cost
KW - flexible ureterorenoscopy
KW - holmium laser
KW - laser fiber
KW - safety
KW - stone
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U2 - 10.1089/end.2016.0209
DO - 10.1089/end.2016.0209
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85002179285
VL - 30
SP - 1269
EP - 1274
JO - Journal of Endourology
JF - Journal of Endourology
SN - 0892-7790
IS - 12
ER -