Levels and Factors Associated with Resilience in Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Survey

Lucia Lisi; Jacopo Ciaffi; Antonella Bruni; Luana Mancarella; Veronica Brusi; Pasquale Gramegna; Claudio Ripamonti; Elisabetta Quaranta; Elena Borlandelli; Gaetano Gallo; Eugenio Garofalo; Agostino Chiaravalloti; Pasquale Viola; Piero Ruscitti; Giacomo Caio; Martina D'Onghia; Andrea D'Amuri; Antonio Cimellaro; Giancarlo Facchini; Micaela La Regina; Luca Spinardi; Roberto De Giorgio; Roberto Giacomelli; Maria Paola Landini; Domenico Berardi; Riccardo Meliconi; Francesco Ursini

doi:10.3390/bs10120183

Levels and Factors Associated with Resilience in Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Survey

Lucia Lisi, Jacopo Ciaffi, Antonella Bruni, Luana Mancarella, Veronica Brusi, Pasquale Gramegna, Claudio Ripamonti, Elisabetta Quaranta, Elena Borlandelli, Gaetano Gallo, Eugenio Garofalo, Agostino Chiaravalloti, Pasquale Viola, Piero Ruscitti, Giacomo Caio, Martina D'Onghia, Andrea D'Amuri, Antonio Cimellaro, Giancarlo Facchini, Micaela La ReginaLuca Spinardi, Roberto De Giorgio, Roberto Giacomelli, Maria Paola Landini, Domenico Berardi, Riccardo Meliconi, Francesco Ursini

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Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Resilience is defined as the capacity to cope successfully with change or adversity. The aims of our study were to investigate levels of resilience in Italian healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to identify potential predictors of resilience.

METHODS: We performed a web-based survey of HCPs (n = 1009) working in Italian hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey contained a 14-item resilience scale (RS14) and questionnaires to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms. Non-HCP individuals (n = 375) from the general population were used for comparison.

RESULTS: HCPs showed significantly lower resilience compared to the control group (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed after stratification for geographical area, work setting, role, or suspected/confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. In a linear regression analysis, RS14 was inversely correlated with depression (R2 = 0.227, p < 0.001) and anxiety (R2 = 0.117, p < 0.001) and directly correlated with age (R2 = 0.012, p < 0.001) but not with body mass index (BMI, R2 = 0.002, p = 0.213). In male HCPs, higher depression score (odds ratio (OR) 1.147, p < 0.001) or BMI (OR 1.136, p = 0.011) significantly predicted having low resilience. In female HCPs, higher depression score (OR 1.111, p < 0.0001) and working in a COVID-19 free setting (OR 2.308, p = 0.002) significantly predicted having low resilience. HCPs satisfied with personal protective equipment had higher levels of resilience (p < 0.010).

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that resilience was lower in Italian HCPs than in the general population after the first COVID-19 wave. Specific factors can be identified, and targeted interventions may have an important role to foster resilience of HCPs.

Original language	English
Journal	Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
Volume	10
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10120183
Publication status	Published - Nov 29 2020

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Lisi, L., Ciaffi, J., Bruni, A., Mancarella, L., Brusi, V., Gramegna, P., Ripamonti, C., Quaranta, E., Borlandelli, E., Gallo, G., Garofalo, E., Chiaravalloti, A., Viola, P., Ruscitti, P., Caio, G., D'Onghia, M., D'Amuri, A., Cimellaro, A., Facchini, G., ... Ursini, F. (2020). Levels and Factors Associated with Resilience in Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Survey. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10120183

Levels and Factors Associated with Resilience in Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Web-Based Survey. / Lisi, Lucia; Ciaffi, Jacopo; Bruni, Antonella; Mancarella, Luana; Brusi, Veronica; Gramegna, Pasquale; Ripamonti, Claudio; Quaranta, Elisabetta; Borlandelli, Elena; Gallo, Gaetano; Garofalo, Eugenio; Chiaravalloti, Agostino; Viola, Pasquale; Ruscitti, Piero; Caio, Giacomo; D'Onghia, Martina; D'Amuri, Andrea; Cimellaro, Antonio; Facchini, Giancarlo; La Regina, Micaela; Spinardi, Luca; De Giorgio, Roberto; Giacomelli, Roberto; Landini, Maria Paola; Berardi, Domenico; Meliconi, Riccardo; Ursini, Francesco.

In: Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), Vol. 10, No. 12, 29.11.2020.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Lisi, L, Ciaffi, J, Bruni, A, Mancarella, L, Brusi, V, Gramegna, P, Ripamonti, C, Quaranta, E, Borlandelli, E, Gallo, G, Garofalo, E, Chiaravalloti, A, Viola, P, Ruscitti, P, Caio, G, D'Onghia, M, D'Amuri, A, Cimellaro, A, Facchini, G, La Regina, M, Spinardi, L, De Giorgio, R, Giacomelli, R, Landini, MP, Berardi, D, Meliconi, R & Ursini, F 2020, 'Levels and Factors Associated with Resilience in Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Survey', Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 10, no. 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10120183

Lisi, Lucia ; Ciaffi, Jacopo ; Bruni, Antonella ; Mancarella, Luana ; Brusi, Veronica ; Gramegna, Pasquale ; Ripamonti, Claudio ; Quaranta, Elisabetta ; Borlandelli, Elena ; Gallo, Gaetano ; Garofalo, Eugenio ; Chiaravalloti, Agostino ; Viola, Pasquale ; Ruscitti, Piero ; Caio, Giacomo ; D'Onghia, Martina ; D'Amuri, Andrea ; Cimellaro, Antonio ; Facchini, Giancarlo ; La Regina, Micaela ; Spinardi, Luca ; De Giorgio, Roberto ; Giacomelli, Roberto ; Landini, Maria Paola ; Berardi, Domenico ; Meliconi, Riccardo ; Ursini, Francesco. / Levels and Factors Associated with Resilience in Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Web-Based Survey. In: Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland). 2020 ; Vol. 10, No. 12.

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title = "Levels and Factors Associated with Resilience in Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Survey",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Resilience is defined as the capacity to cope successfully with change or adversity. The aims of our study were to investigate levels of resilience in Italian healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to identify potential predictors of resilience.METHODS: We performed a web-based survey of HCPs (n = 1009) working in Italian hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey contained a 14-item resilience scale (RS14) and questionnaires to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms. Non-HCP individuals (n = 375) from the general population were used for comparison.RESULTS: HCPs showed significantly lower resilience compared to the control group (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed after stratification for geographical area, work setting, role, or suspected/confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. In a linear regression analysis, RS14 was inversely correlated with depression (R2 = 0.227, p < 0.001) and anxiety (R2 = 0.117, p < 0.001) and directly correlated with age (R2 = 0.012, p < 0.001) but not with body mass index (BMI, R2 = 0.002, p = 0.213). In male HCPs, higher depression score (odds ratio (OR) 1.147, p < 0.001) or BMI (OR 1.136, p = 0.011) significantly predicted having low resilience. In female HCPs, higher depression score (OR 1.111, p < 0.0001) and working in a COVID-19 free setting (OR 2.308, p = 0.002) significantly predicted having low resilience. HCPs satisfied with personal protective equipment had higher levels of resilience (p < 0.010).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that resilience was lower in Italian HCPs than in the general population after the first COVID-19 wave. Specific factors can be identified, and targeted interventions may have an important role to foster resilience of HCPs.",

author = "Lucia Lisi and Jacopo Ciaffi and Antonella Bruni and Luana Mancarella and Veronica Brusi and Pasquale Gramegna and Claudio Ripamonti and Elisabetta Quaranta and Elena Borlandelli and Gaetano Gallo and Eugenio Garofalo and Agostino Chiaravalloti and Pasquale Viola and Piero Ruscitti and Giacomo Caio and Martina D'Onghia and Andrea D'Amuri and Antonio Cimellaro and Giancarlo Facchini and {La Regina}, Micaela and Luca Spinardi and {De Giorgio}, Roberto and Roberto Giacomelli and Landini, {Maria Paola} and Domenico Berardi and Riccardo Meliconi and Francesco Ursini",

year = "2020",

month = nov,

day = "29",

doi = "10.3390/bs10120183",

language = "English",

volume = "10",

journal = "Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)",

issn = "2076-328X",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",

number = "12",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Levels and Factors Associated with Resilience in Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic

T2 - A Web-Based Survey

AU - Lisi, Lucia

AU - Ciaffi, Jacopo

AU - Bruni, Antonella

AU - Mancarella, Luana

AU - Brusi, Veronica

AU - Gramegna, Pasquale

AU - Ripamonti, Claudio

AU - Quaranta, Elisabetta

AU - Borlandelli, Elena

AU - Gallo, Gaetano

AU - Garofalo, Eugenio

AU - Chiaravalloti, Agostino

AU - Viola, Pasquale

AU - Ruscitti, Piero

AU - Caio, Giacomo

AU - D'Onghia, Martina

AU - D'Amuri, Andrea

AU - Cimellaro, Antonio

AU - Facchini, Giancarlo

AU - La Regina, Micaela

AU - Spinardi, Luca

AU - De Giorgio, Roberto

AU - Giacomelli, Roberto

AU - Landini, Maria Paola

AU - Berardi, Domenico

AU - Meliconi, Riccardo

AU - Ursini, Francesco

PY - 2020/11/29

Y1 - 2020/11/29

N2 - BACKGROUND: Resilience is defined as the capacity to cope successfully with change or adversity. The aims of our study were to investigate levels of resilience in Italian healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to identify potential predictors of resilience.METHODS: We performed a web-based survey of HCPs (n = 1009) working in Italian hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey contained a 14-item resilience scale (RS14) and questionnaires to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms. Non-HCP individuals (n = 375) from the general population were used for comparison.RESULTS: HCPs showed significantly lower resilience compared to the control group (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed after stratification for geographical area, work setting, role, or suspected/confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. In a linear regression analysis, RS14 was inversely correlated with depression (R2 = 0.227, p < 0.001) and anxiety (R2 = 0.117, p < 0.001) and directly correlated with age (R2 = 0.012, p < 0.001) but not with body mass index (BMI, R2 = 0.002, p = 0.213). In male HCPs, higher depression score (odds ratio (OR) 1.147, p < 0.001) or BMI (OR 1.136, p = 0.011) significantly predicted having low resilience. In female HCPs, higher depression score (OR 1.111, p < 0.0001) and working in a COVID-19 free setting (OR 2.308, p = 0.002) significantly predicted having low resilience. HCPs satisfied with personal protective equipment had higher levels of resilience (p < 0.010).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that resilience was lower in Italian HCPs than in the general population after the first COVID-19 wave. Specific factors can be identified, and targeted interventions may have an important role to foster resilience of HCPs.

AB - BACKGROUND: Resilience is defined as the capacity to cope successfully with change or adversity. The aims of our study were to investigate levels of resilience in Italian healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to identify potential predictors of resilience.METHODS: We performed a web-based survey of HCPs (n = 1009) working in Italian hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey contained a 14-item resilience scale (RS14) and questionnaires to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms. Non-HCP individuals (n = 375) from the general population were used for comparison.RESULTS: HCPs showed significantly lower resilience compared to the control group (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed after stratification for geographical area, work setting, role, or suspected/confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. In a linear regression analysis, RS14 was inversely correlated with depression (R2 = 0.227, p < 0.001) and anxiety (R2 = 0.117, p < 0.001) and directly correlated with age (R2 = 0.012, p < 0.001) but not with body mass index (BMI, R2 = 0.002, p = 0.213). In male HCPs, higher depression score (odds ratio (OR) 1.147, p < 0.001) or BMI (OR 1.136, p = 0.011) significantly predicted having low resilience. In female HCPs, higher depression score (OR 1.111, p < 0.0001) and working in a COVID-19 free setting (OR 2.308, p = 0.002) significantly predicted having low resilience. HCPs satisfied with personal protective equipment had higher levels of resilience (p < 0.010).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that resilience was lower in Italian HCPs than in the general population after the first COVID-19 wave. Specific factors can be identified, and targeted interventions may have an important role to foster resilience of HCPs.

U2 - 10.3390/bs10120183

DO - 10.3390/bs10120183

M3 - Article

C2 - 33260390

VL - 10

JO - Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

JF - Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

SN - 2076-328X

IS - 12

ER -